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Does temperature-confounding control influence the modifying effect of air temperature in ozone–mortality associations?
Environ. Epi. 2:e008 (2018)
Background: Recent epidemiological studies investigating the modifying effect of air temperature in ozone–mortality associations lack consensus as how to adjust for nonlinear and lagged temperature effect in addition to including an interaction term. Methods: We evaluated the influence of temperature confounding control on temperature-stratified ozone–mortality risks in a time series setting in eight European cities and 86 US cities, respectively. To investigate potential residual confounding, we additionally incorporated next day’s ozone in models with differing temperature control. Results: Using only a categorical variable for temperature or only controlling nonlinear effect of low temperatures yielded highly significant ozone effects at high temperatures but also significant residual confounding in both regions. Adjustment for nonlinear effect of temperature, especially high temperatures, substantially reduced ozone effects at high temperatures and residual confounding. Conclusions: Inadequate control for confounding by air temperature leads to residual confounding and an overestimation of the temperature-modifying effect in studies of ozone-related mortality.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2474-7882
e-ISSN
2474-7882
Zeitschrift
Environmental epidemiology
Quellenangaben
Band: 2,
Heft: 1,
Artikelnummer: e008
Verlag
Wolters Kluwer Health
Verlagsort
Alphen aan den Rijn
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)