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Bijjam, R.* ; Shorter, S.* ; Bratt, A.M.* ; O'Leary, V.B.* ; Ntziachristos, V. ; Ovsepian, S.V.*

Neurotoxin-derived optical probes for elucidating molecular and developmental biology of neurons and synaptic connections : Toxin-derived optical probes for neuroimaging.

Mol. Imaging Biol., DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01954-6 (2024)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI PMC
Open Access Gold (Paid Option)
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus toxin (TeTX) are the deadliest biological substances that cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. Their astonishing potency and capacity to enter neurons and interfere with neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals have attracted much interest in experimental neurobiology and clinical research. Fused with reporter proteins or labelled with fluorophores, BoNTs and TeTX and their non-toxic fragments also offer remarkable opportunities to visualize cellular processes and functions in neurons and synaptic connections. This study presents the state-of-the-art optical probes derived from BoNTs and TeTX and discusses their applications in molecular and synaptic biology and neurodevelopmental research. It reviews the principles of the design and production of probes, revisits their applications with advantages and limitations and considers prospects for future improvements. The versatile characteristics of discussed probes and reporters make them an integral part of the expanding toolkit for molecular neuroimaging, promoting the discovery process in neurobiology and translational neurosciences.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Corresponding Author
Keywords Advanced Biomaterials ; Fluorescent Probes ; Fusion Proteins ; Molecular Trafficking ; Optical Imaging ; Retrograde Transport ; Snare Proteins; Botulinum-toxin-a; Tetanus Toxin; Light-chain; Protein; Localization; Persistence; Inhibition; Transport; Duration; Receptor
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1536-1632
e-ISSN 1860-2002
Journal Molecular Imaging and Biology
Publisher Elsevier
Publishing Place One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, Ny, United States
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI)
Grants Research Excellent Framework Program
University of Greenwich