Neuman, A.* ; Hohmann, C.* ; Orsini, N.* ; Pershagen, G.* ; Eller, E.* ; Kjaer, H.F.* ; Gehring, U.* ; Granell, R.* ; Henderson, J.* ; Heinrich, J. ; Lau, S.* ; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.* ; Sunyer, J.* ; Tischer, C.G. ; Torrent, M.* ; Wahn, U.* ; Wijga, A.H.* ; Wickman, M.* ; Keil, T.* ; Bergström, A.*
     
 
    
        
Maternal smoking in pregnancy and asthma in preschool children: A pooled analysis of eight birth cohorts.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 186, 1037-1043 (2012)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				Rationale: Although epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to maternal smoking during fetal and early life increases the risk of childhood wheezing and asthma, previous studies were not able to differentiate the effects of prenatal from postnatal exposure. Objectives: To assess the effect of exposure to maternal smoking only during pregnancy on wheeze and asthma among preschool-age children. Methods: A pooled analysis was performed based on individual participant data from eight European birth cohorts. Cohort-specific effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy, but not during the first year, on wheeze and asthma at 4 to 6 years of age were estimated using logistic regression and then combined using a random effects model. Adjustments were made for sex, parental education, parental asthma, birth weight, and siblings. Measurements and Main Results: Among the 21,600 children included in the analysis, 735 children (3.4%) were exposed to maternal smoking exclusively during pregnancy but not in the first year after birth. In the pooled analysis, maternal smoking only during pregnancy was associated with wheeze and asthma at 4 to 6 years of age, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.77) and 1.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-2.31), respectively. The likelihood to develop wheeze and asthma increased statistically significantly in a linear dose-dependent manner in relation to maternal daily cigarette consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy appears to increase the risk of wheeze and asthma among children who are not exposed to maternal smoking after birth.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
    
        Typ der Hochschulschrift
        
    
 
    
        Herausgeber
        
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        asthma; cohort studies; epidemiology; preschool children; tobacco smoking
    
 
    
        Keywords plus
        
    
 
    
    
        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2012
    
 
    
        Prepublished im Jahr 
        
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2012
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1073-449X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1535-4970
    
 
    
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	    Band: 186,  
	    Heft: 10,  
	    Seiten: 1037-1043 
	    Artikelnummer: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
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            Verlag
            American Thoracic Society
        
 
        
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        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30503 - Chronic Diseases of the Lung and Allergies
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-503900-001
    
 
    
        Förderungen
        
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2012-12-11