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    Health risks of early swimming pool attendance.
        
        Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 211, 367-373 (2008)
    
    
    
				Swimming pool attendance and exposure to chlorination by-products showed adverse health effects on children. We assessed whether early swimming pool attendance, especially baby swimming, is related to higher rates of early infections and to the development of allergic diseases. In 2003-2005, 2192 children were analysed for the 6-year follow-up of a prospective birth cohort study. Data on early swimming pool attendance, other lifestyle factors and medical history were collected by parental-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations. Babies who did not participate in baby swimming had lower rates of infection in the 1st year of life (i) diarrhoea: OR 0.68 CI 95% 0.54-0.85; (ii) otitis media: OR 0.81 CI 95% 0.62-1.05; (iii) airway infections: OR 0.85 CI 95% 0.67-1.09. No clear association could be found between late or non-swimmers and atopic dermatitis or hay fever until the age of 6 years, while higher rates of asthma were found (OR 2.15 95% CI 1.16-3.99), however, potentially due to reverse causation. The study indicates that, in terms of infections, baby swimming might not be as harmless as commonly thought. Further evidence is needed to make conclusions if the current regulations on chlorine in Germany might not protect swimming pool attendees from an increased risk of gastrointestinal infections. In terms of developing atopic diseases there is no verifiable detrimental effect of early swimming.
			
			
		Impact Factor
					Scopus SNIP
					Web of Science
Times Cited
					Times Cited
Scopus
Cited By
					
					Cited By
Altmetric
					
				1.621
					0.920
					41
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
     
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        Swimming pool attendance; Baby swimming; Early infections; Atopic diseases
    
 
     
    
    
        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2008
    
 
     
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        0
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1438-4639
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1618-131X
    
 
     
     
     
	     
	 
	 
     
		
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Band: 211,  
	    Heft: 3-4,  
	    Seiten: 367-373 
	    
	    
	
    
 
  
         
        
            Verlag
            Elsevier
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Amsterdam ; Boston, Mass. ; London ; New York, NY ; Oxford ; Paris ; Philadelphia, Pa. ; San Diego, Calif. ; St. Louis, Mo. ; München
        
 
	
         
         
         
         
         
	
         
         
         
    
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
    
        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
     
     
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-503900-002
    
 
     
     	
    
    
        Scopus ID
        45349104545
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2008-12-05