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Upadhyay, S. ; Carstens, J. ; Klein, D.* ; Faller, T.H. ; Halbach, S. ; Kirchinger, W. ; Kessler, W. ; Csanády, G.A. ; Filser, J.G.

Inhalation and epidermal exposure of volunteers to ethylene glycol: Kinetics of absorption, urinary excretion, and metabolism to glycolate and oxalate.

Toxicol. Lett. 178, 131-141 (2008)

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Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.

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Ethylene glycol (EG) is a widely used liquid. Limited data are published regarding inhaled EG and no data regarding transdermal EG uptake in humans. In order to gain information on the quantitative fate of EG, four male volunteers inhaled between 1340 and 1610mumol vaporous (13)C-labeled EG ((13)C(2)-EG) for 4h. Separately, three of these subjects were epidermally exposed for up to 6h to liquid (13)C(2)-EG (skin area 66cm(2)). Plasma concentrations and urinary amounts of (13)C(2)-EG were determined by gas chromatography with mass selective detection. Additionally, plasma was assayed for (13)C-labeled glycolic acid ((13)C(2)-GA) and urine for (13)C(2)-GA and (13)C-labeled oxalic acid ((13)C(2)-OA). Both EG metabolites were nephrotoxic in animals and humans and embryotoxic in rodents. (13)C-labels enabled to differentiate from also determined endogenous EG, glycolic acid (GA), and oxalic acid (OA). Of (13)C(2)-EG inhaled, 5.5+/-3.0%, 0.77+/-0.15%, and 0.10+/-0.12% were detected in urine as (13)C(2)-EG, (13)C(2)-GA, and (13)C(2)-OA, respectively. The skin permeability constant of liquid EG was 2.7x10(-5)+/-0.5x10(-5)cm/h. Of the dose taken up transdermally, 8.1+/-3.2% and up to 0.4% were excreted in urine as (13)C(2)-EG and (13)C(2)-GA, respectively. It is calculated that equally long-lasting exposure to 10ppm vaporous EG or wetting of both hands by liquid EG leads to about the same body burden by EG and metabolites. The amounts of GA and OA excreted daily in urine as a result of exposure (8h/day) to 10ppm EG are about 15% and 2%, respectively, of those excreted from naturally occurring endogenous GA and OA.

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