Unravelling the Egyptian embalming materials by a multi-method approach comprising high-resolution mass spectrometry.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 48:103861 (2023)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				Deciphering the biomolecular composition of archaeological organic materials can contribute to understand the function of an object or the status of the buried person, and more generally to increase our knowledge on ancient civilizations. The determination of the organic substances composing the sample is based on identifying biomarkers, which is commonly carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Here high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) was used, along with GC-MS and infrared spectroscopy, to investigate the organic compounds of embalming material of Egyptian crocodile mummies. FTICR MS was evidenced to provide complementary information with some advantages compared to GC-MS, such as an easier sample preparation. Moreover, although GC-MS allowed identifying 109 different compounds, FTICR MS enabled to assign up to 7000 molecular formulae and to detect higher-mass compounds. Some of the molecular assignments were putatively attributed with biomarkers, which suggested the use of pine resin, beeswax, and vegetal and animal fat, which was confirmed by GC-MS and FTICR MS-MS, for the pine resin. Furthermore, the FTICR MS molecular fingerprint obtained for the archaeological samples was compared with those of modern pine resin, which allowed assessing specie oxidation due the ageing and/or heating process. Consequently, FTICR MS can be regarded as a way to quickly achieve the biomolecular fingerprint of organic residues from archaeological materials and to assess the state of degradation of the sample.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
    
        Typ der Hochschulschrift
        
    
 
    
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        Schlagwörter
        Archaeometry ; Embalming Materials ; Fticr Ms ; Ftir ; Gc-ms ; Non-targeted Analysis; Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry; Transform Infrared-spectroscopy; Organic Residue Analysis; Ft-icr-ms; Electron Ionization; Mummification Balms; Old Kingdom; Identification; Resonance; Chemistry
    
 
    
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        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2023
    
 
    
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        0
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2023
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        2352-409X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        2352-409X
    
 
    
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	    Band: 48,  
	    Heft: ,  
	    Seiten: ,  
	    Artikelnummer: 103861 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
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            Verlag
            Elsevier
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Radarweg 29, 1043 Nx Amsterdam, Netherlands
        
 
	
        
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        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Environmental Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-504800-001
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2023-11-28