Fiedler, S.* ; Schrader, H.* ; Theobalt, N.* ; Hofmann, I.* ; Geiger, T.* ; Arndt, D.* ; Wanke, R.* ; Schwaiger, J.* ; Blutke, A.
     
 
    
        
Standardized tissue sampling guidelines for histopathological and molecular analyses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in ecotoxicological studies.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        PLoS ONE 18:e0288542 (2023)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				In ecotoxicology, evaluation of toxicities and no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) of test compounds in experimental fish is commonly based on molecular-, biochemical- and analytical chemistry analyses of organ/tissue samples and the assessment of (histo-) pathological lesions. Standardization of organ/tissue sampling locations, sample numbers, and sample processing contributes to warrant the reproducibility and inter- and intra-study comparability of analysis results. The present article provides the first comprehensive tissue sampling guidelines specifically adapted to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a frequently used fish species in ecotoxicological studies. A broad spectrum of ~40 different organs and tissues is covered. Appropriate sampling locations, sample sizes and sample numbers for subsequent routine histopathological evaluation (all organs/tissue) and for molecular analyses (~30 organs/tissues) are described in detail and illustrated with schematic drawings and representative macroscopic and histological images. These field-proven sampling guidelines were developed based on the pertinent literature and practical experience in ecotoxicological fish studies. They are intended to serve as a standard reference for any routine ecotoxicological study using rainbow trout as a test system. A broad application of the featured tissue sampling procedures will help to improve the reproducibility of analyses and to reduce inter- and intra-study variability induced by sampling bias and (normal) inter-sample morphological variation, and will therefore provide a robust basis for reliable characterization of toxicity and NOEC identification of diverse test substances and aquatic pollutants.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
    
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        Schlagwörter
        Joint Publication; Revised Guides; Part 1; Diclofenac; Rita; Rats; Mice; Bioaccumulation; Opportunities; Pathology
    
 
    
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        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2023
    
 
    
        Prepublished im Jahr 
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2023
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1932-6203
    
 
    
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	    Band: 18,  
	    Heft: 7,  
	    Seiten: ,  
	    Artikelnummer: e0288542 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
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            Verlag
            Public Library of Science (PLoS)
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Lawrence, Kan.
        
 
	
        
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        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30201 - Metabolic Health
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-500600-001
    
 
    
        Förderungen
        
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2023-10-06