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Wilck, N.* ; Fechner, M.* ; Dreger, H.* ; Hewing, B.* ; Arias, A.* ; Meiners, S. ; Baumann, G.* ; Stangl, V.* ; Stangl, K.* ; Ludwig, A.*

Attenuation of early atherogenesis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice by proteasome inhibition.

Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 32, 1418-1426 (2012)

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OBJECTIVE: Low and nontoxic proteasome inhibition has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidative effects on vascular cells in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that low-dose inhibition of the proteasome could provide antiatherogenic protection. The present study investigated the effect of low-dose proteasome inhibition on early lesion formation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed a Western-type diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice, 10 weeks old, were fed a Western-type diet for 6 weeks with intraperitoneal injections of bortezomib or solvent. Bortezomib was injected at a dose of 50 μg/kg body weight. Cholesterol plasma levels were not affected by bortezomib treatment. En face Oil Red O staining of aortae and aortic root cryosections demonstrated significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesion coverage in bortezomib-treated animals. Bortezomib significantly reduced vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage infiltration as shown by histological analysis. Bortezomib treatment resulted in a significant reduction of superoxide content, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products, serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6. Gene expression microarray analysis showed that expressional changes induced by Western-type diet were attenuated by treatment with low-dose bortezomib. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose proteasome inhibition exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates development of atherosclerotic lesions in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.

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