Davis, K.A.S.* ; Coleman, J.R.I.* ; Adams, M.* ; Breen, G.* ; Cai, N. ; Davies, H.L.* ; Davies, K.J.A.* ; Dregan, A.* ; Eley, T.C.* ; Fox, E.* ; Holliday, J.* ; Hübel, C.* ; John, A.* ; Kassam, A.S.* ; Kempton, M.J.* ; Lee, W.* ; Li, D.* ; Maina, J.G.* ; McCabe, R.* ; McIntosh, A.M.* ; Oram, S.* ; Richards, M.* ; Skelton, M.* ; Starkey, F.* ; Ter Kuile, A.R.* ; Thornton, L.M.* ; Wang, R.* ; Yu, Z.* ; Zvrskovec, J.* ; Hotopf, M.*
     
 
    
        
The UK Biobank mental health enhancement 2022: Methods and results.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        PLoS ONE 20:e0324189 (2025)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				BACKGROUND: This paper introduces the UK Biobank (UKB) second mental health questionnaire (MHQ2), describes its design, the respondents and some notable findings. UKB is a large cohort study with over 500,000 volunteer participants aged 40-69 years when recruited in 2006-2010. It is an important resource of extensive health, genetic and biomarker data. Enhancements to UKB enrich the data available. MHQ2 is an enhancement designed to enable and facilitate research with psychosocial and mental health aspects. METHODS: UKB sent participants a link to MHQ2 by email in October-November 2022. The MHQ2 was designed by a multi-institutional consortium to build on MHQ1. It characterises lifetime depression further, adds data on panic disorder and eating disorders, repeats 'current' mental health measures and updates information about social circumstances. It includes established measures, such as the PHQ-9 for current depression and CIDI-SF for lifetime panic, as well as bespoke questions. Algorithms and R code were developed to facilitate analysis. RESULTS: At the time of analysis, MHQ2 results were available for 169,253 UKB participants, of whom 111,275 had also completed the earlier MHQ1. Characteristics of respondents and the whole UKB cohort are compared. The major phenotypes are lifetime: depression (18%); panic disorder (4.0%); a specific eating disorder (2.8%); and bipolar affective disorder I (0.4%). All mental disorders are found less with older age and also seem to be related to selected social factors. In those participants who answered both MHQ1 (2016) and MHQ2 (2022), current mental health measure showed that fewer respondents have harmful alcohol use than in 2016 (relative risk 0.84), but current depression (RR 1.07) and anxiety (RR 0.98) have not fallen, as might have been expected given the relationship with age. We also compare lifetime concepts for test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS: There are some drawbacks to UKB due to its lack of population representativeness, but where the research question does not depend on this, it offers exceptional resources that any researcher can apply to access. This paper has just scratched the surface of the results from MHQ2 and how this can be combined with other tranches of UKB data, but we predict it will enable many future discoveries about mental health and health in general.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
					Impact Factor
					Scopus SNIP
					Web of Science
Times Cited
					Scopus
Cited By
					
					Altmetric
					
				 
				
			 
		 
		
     
    
        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
    
        Typ der Hochschulschrift
        
    
 
    
        Herausgeber
        
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        Validation
    
 
    
        Keywords plus
        
    
 
    
    
        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2025
    
 
    
        Prepublished im Jahr 
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2025
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1932-6203
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        
    
 
    
        ISBN
        
    
 
    
        Bandtitel
        
    
 
    
        Konferenztitel
        
    
 
	
        Konferzenzdatum
        
    
     
	
        Konferenzort
        
    
 
	
        Konferenzband
        
    
 
     
		
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Band: 20,  
	    Heft: 5,  
	    Seiten: ,  
	    Artikelnummer: e0324189 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
            Reihe
            
        
 
        
            Verlag
            Public Library of Science (PLoS)
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Lawrence, Kan.
        
 
	
        
            Tag d. mündl. Prüfung
            0000-00-00
        
 
        
            Betreuer
            
        
 
        
            Gutachter
            
        
 
        
            Prüfer
            
        
 
        
            Topic
            
        
 
	
        
            Hochschule
            
        
 
        
            Hochschulort
            
        
 
        
            Fakultät
            
        
 
    
        
            Veröffentlichungsdatum
            0000-00-00
        
 
         
        
            Anmeldedatum
            0000-00-00
        
 
        
            Anmelder/Inhaber
            
        
 
        
            weitere Inhaber
            
        
 
        
            Anmeldeland
            
        
 
        
            Priorität
            
        
 
    
        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Pioneer Campus
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-510007-001
    
 
    
        Förderungen
        King's College London
Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust
National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London
National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR)
    
 
    
        Copyright
        
    
 	
    
    
    
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2025-06-02