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Vitamin/mineral supplementation and cancer, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in a German prospective cohort (EPIC-Heidelberg).
Eur. J. Nutr. 51, 407-413 (2012)
PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the association of vitamin/mineral supplementation with cancer, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality. METHODS: In the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg), which was recruited in 1994-1998, 23,943 participants without pre-existing cancer and myocardial infarction/stroke at baseline were included in the analyses. Vitamin/mineral supplementation was assessed at baseline and during follow-up. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: After an average follow-up time of 11 years, 1,101 deaths were documented (cancer deaths = 513 and cardiovascular deaths = 264). After adjustment for potential confounders, neither any vitamin/mineral supplementation nor multivitamin supplementation at baseline was statistically significantly associated with cancer, cardiovascular, or all-cause mortality. However, baseline users of antioxidant vitamin supplements had a significantly reduced risk of cancer mortality (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.97) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.88). In comparison with never users, baseline non-users who started taking vitamin/mineral supplements during follow-up had significantly increased risks of cancer mortality (HR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.77) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.14). CONCLUSIONS: Based on limited numbers of users and cases, this cohort study suggests that supplementation of antioxidant vitamins might possibly reduce cancer and all-cause mortality. The significantly increased risks of cancer and all-cause mortality among baseline non-users who started taking supplements during follow-up may suggest a "sick-user effect," which researchers should be cautious of in future observational studies.
Impact Factor
Scopus SNIP
Web of Science
Times Cited
Times Cited
Scopus
Cited By
Cited By
Altmetric
2.750
1.238
25
33
Anmerkungen
Besondere Publikation
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Supplements; Cancer; Cardiovascular Disease; Mortality; Cohort Study; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; RELATIVE VALIDITY; MULTIVITAMIN USE; BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-CANCER; VITAMIN-E; POPULATION; DISEASE; FRUIT; RISK
Sprache
Veröffentlichungsjahr
2012
HGF-Berichtsjahr
2012
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1436-6207
e-ISSN
1436-6215
Zeitschrift
European Journal of Nutrition
Quellenangaben
Band: 51,
Heft: 4,
Seiten: 407-413
Verlag
Springer
Verlagsort
Heidelberg
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
PSP-Element(e)
G-503900-002
PubMed ID
21779961
WOS ID
WOS:000304881400003
Scopus ID
84864674625
Erfassungsdatum
2012-06-28