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Heinrich, J. ; Thiering, E. ; Rzehak, P. ; Krämer, U.* ; Hochadel, M. ; Rauchfuss, K.M.* ; Gehring, U. ; Wichmann, H.-E.

Long-term exposure to NO2 and PM10 and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of women.

Occup. Environ. Med. 70, 179-186 (2013)
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We assessed whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality during a period of declining particulate matter concentrations. Approximately 4800 women aged 55 years from North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, were followed for up to 18 years. Exposure to air pollution was assessed in two ways: (1) using the distance between the residential address and the nearest major road, as calculated from Geographic Information System data and (2) calculating 1-year average particulate matter concentrations below 10 µm (PM(10)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) levels using data from the nearest air-monitoring station data to the subjects' residences. Ninety-two per cent of all subjects lived in the same community during the entire follow-up period. Associations between mortality and exposure were assessed using Cox's proportional hazards models, including confounder adjustment. Sixteen per cent of women passed away during the follow-up period. An increase of 7 μg/m(3) PM(10) (IQR) was associated with an increased HR for all-cause (HR 1.15, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.27)), cardiopulmonary (HR 1.39, 95% CI (1.17 to 1.64)), and lung cancer mortality (HR 1.84, 95% CI (1.23 to 2.74)). An increase of 16 μg/m(3) (IQR) NO(2) exposure was associated with all-cause (HR 1.18, 95% CI (1.07 to 1.30)) and cardiopulmonary mortality (HR 1.55, 95% CI (1.30 to 1.84)). The association between cardiopulmonary mortality and PM(10) was reduced for the extended follow-up period, during which PM(10) concentrations (but not NO(2) concentrations) were lower. Living close to a major road was associated with an increased relative risk for all-cause, cardiopulmonary and respiratory mortality. These associations were temporally stable. Long-term exposure to ambient PM(10) and NO(2) was associated with increased mortality rates.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter Particulate Air-pollution ; Lung-cancer ; Cardiopulmonary Mortality ; Cardiovascular Mortality ; Death ; Association ; Information ; Disease ; Cities ; Risk
Sprache englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr 2013
HGF-Berichtsjahr 2013
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1351-0711
e-ISSN 1470-7926
Quellenangaben Band: 70, Heft: 3, Seiten: 179-186 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag BMJ Publishing Group
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
POF Topic(s) 30503 - Chronic Diseases of the Lung and Allergies
Forschungsfeld(er) Genetics and Epidemiology
PSP-Element(e) G-503900-001
PubMed ID 23220504
Scopus ID 84874651154
Erfassungsdatum 2013-03-04