Casas, L.* ; Tischer, C.G. ; Wouters, I.M.* ; Valkonen, M.* ; Gehring, U.* ; Doekes, G.* ; Torrent, M.* ; Pekkanen, J.* ; García-Esteban, R.* ; Hyvärinen, A.* ; Heinrich, J. ; Sunyer, J.*
     
 
    
        
Endotoxin, extracellular polysaccharides, and β(1-3)-glucan concentrations in dust and their determinants in four European birth cohorts: Results from the HITEA project.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Indoor Air 23, 208-218 (2013)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				Early-life exposure to microbial agents may play a protective role in asthma and allergies development. Geographical differences in the prevalence of these diseases exist, but the differences in early-life indoor microbial agent levels and their determinants have been hardly studied. We aimed to describe the early-life levels of endotoxin, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and β(1-3)-glucans in living room dust of four geographically spread European birth cohorts (LISA in Germany, PIAMA in the Netherlands, INMA in Spain, and LUKAS2 in Finland) and to assess their determinants. A total of 1572 dust samples from living rooms of participants were analyzed for endotoxin, Penicillium/Aspergillus EPS, and β(1-3)-glucans. Information on potential determinants was obtained through questionnaires. Concentrations of endotoxin, EPS, and β(1-3)-glucans were different across cohorts. Concentrations of endotoxin and EPS were respectively lower and higher in INMA than in other cohorts, while glucans were higher in LUKAS2. Season of sampling, dog ownership, dampness, and the number of people living at home were significantly associated with concentrations of at least one microbial agent, with heterogeneity of effect estimates of the determinants across cohorts. In conclusion, both early-life microbial exposure levels and exposure determinants differ across cohorts derived from diverse European countries.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
    
        Typ der Hochschulschrift
        
    
 
    
        Herausgeber
        
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        Endotoxin; extracellular polysaccharide; beta(1,3)-Glucan; Cohort studies; Indoor; Microbial agents; In-house Dust ; Early-life ; Mold Components ; Mattress Dust ; German Homes ; Exposure ; Asthma ; Allergen ; Children ; Sensitization
    
 
    
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        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2013
    
 
    
        Prepublished im Jahr 
        
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2013
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0905-6947
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1600-0668
    
 
    
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	    Band: 23,  
	    Heft: 3,  
	    Seiten: 208-218 
	    Artikelnummer: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
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            Wiley
        
 
        
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        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30503 - Chronic Diseases of the Lung and Allergies
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-503900-001
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2013-05-14