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C & N isotope analysis of diclofenac to distinguish oxidative and reductive transformation and to track commercial products.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 2312-2320 (2014)
Although diclofenac is frequently found in aquatic systems, its degradability in the environment remains imperfectly understood. On the one hand, evidence from concentration analysis alone is inconclusive if an unknown hydrology impedes a distinction between degradation and dilution. On the other hand, not all transformation products may be detectable. As a new approach, we therefore developed GC-IRMS (gas chromatography-isotope-ratio mass-spectrometry) analysis for carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements of diclofenac. The method uses a derivatization step that can be conducted either online or offline, for optimized throughput or sensitivity, respectively. In combination with on-column injection, the latter method enables determination of diclofenac isotope ratios down to the sub-μgL(-1) range in environmental samples. Degradation in an aerobic sediment-water system showed strong nitrogen isotope fractionation (εN = -7.1‰), whereas reductive diclofenac dechlorination was associated with significant carbon isotope fractionation (εC = -2.0‰). Hence dual element isotope analysis bears potential not only to detect diclofenac degradation, but even to distinguish both transformation pathways in the environment. In an explorative survey, analysis of commercial diclofenac products showed significant differences in carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, demonstrating a further potential to track, and potentially even to authenticate, commercial production batches.
Impact Factor
Scopus SNIP
Web of Science
Times Cited
Times Cited
Scopus
Cited By
Cited By
Altmetric
5.481
2.110
21
26
Anmerkungen
Besondere Publikation
Auf Hompepage verbergern
Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Pharmaceutical Residues; Acidic Pharmaceuticals; Mass-spectrometry; Drug Diclofenac; Waste-water; Fractionation; Biodegradation; Degradation; Pathways; River
Sprache
englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr
2014
HGF-Berichtsjahr
2014
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0013-936X
e-ISSN
1520-5851
Zeitschrift
Environmental Science & Technology
Quellenangaben
Band: 48,
Heft: 4,
Seiten: 2312-2320
Verlag
ACS
Verlagsort
Washington, DC
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Groundwater Ecology (IGOE)
POF Topic(s)
20403 - Sustainable Water Management
Forschungsfeld(er)
Environmental Sciences
PSP-Element(e)
G-504390-001
PubMed ID
24397428
WOS ID
WOS:000331774100027
Scopus ID
84894245305
Erfassungsdatum
2014-02-03