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Parent-of-origin specific allelic associations among 106 genomic1 loci for age at menarche.
Nature 514, 92-97 (2014)
Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P < 5 × 10−8) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci (DLK1-WDR25, MKRN3-MAGEL2 and KCNK9) demonstrating parent-of-origin-specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signalling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Central Precocious Puberty; Human Prefrontal Cortex; Breast-cancer Risk; Gene-expression; Wide Association; Metaanalysis; Disease; Variants; Cells; Reveals
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0028-0836
e-ISSN
1476-4687
Zeitschrift
Nature
Quellenangaben
Band: 514,
Heft: 7520,
Seiten: 92-97
Verlag
Nature Publishing Group
Verlagsort
London
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed