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Bohnacker, S. ; Troisi, F. ; de los Reyes Jimenez, M. ; Esser-von Bieren, J.

What can parasites tell us about the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma and allergic diseases?

Front. Immunol. 11:2106 (2020)
Verlagsversion DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
The same mechanisms that enable host defense against helminths also drive allergic inflammation. This suggests that pathomechanisms of allergic diseases represent evolutionary old responses against helminth parasites and that studying antihelminth immunity may provide insights into pathomechanisms of asthma. However, helminths have developed an intricate array of immunoregulatory mechanisms to modulate type 2 immune mechanisms. This has led to the hypothesis that the lack of helminth infection may contribute to the rise in allergic sensitization in modern societies. Indeed, the anti-inflammatory potential of helminth (worm) parasites and their products in allergy and asthma has been recognized for decades. As helminth infections bring about multiple undesired effects including an increased susceptibility to other infections, intended helminth infection is not a feasible approach to broadly prevent or treat allergic asthma. Thus, the development of new helminth-based biopharmaceutics may represent a safer approach of harnessing type 2-suppressive effects of helminths. However, progress regarding the mechanisms and molecules that are employed by helminths to modulate allergic inflammation has been relatively recent. The scavenging of alarmins and the modulation of lipid mediator pathways and macrophage function by helminth proteins have been identified as important immunoregulatory mechanisms targeting innate immunity in asthma and allergy. In addition, by regulating the activation of dendritic cells and by promoting regulatory T-cell responses, helminth proteins can counterregulate the adaptive T helper 2 cell response that drives allergic inflammation. Despite these insights, important open questions remain to be addressed before helminth molecules can be used for the prevention and treatment of asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Review
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Helminths ; Inflammation ; Macrophage ; Asthma ; Immune Regulation ; Allergy ; Helminth Molecules ; Type 2 Immunity; Migration Inhibitory Factor; Intestinal Helminth Infection; Cysteine Protease Inhibitor; Small-molecule Analogs; Airway Inflammation; T-cells; Ascaris-suum; Murine Model; Cytokine Production; Hookworm Infection
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1664-3224
e-ISSN 1664-3224
Zeitschrift Frontiers in Immunology
Quellenangaben Band: 11, Heft: , Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 2106 Supplement: ,
Verlag Frontiers
Verlagsort Avenue Du Tribunal Federal 34, Lausanne, Ch-1015, Switzerland
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)
Förderungen Helmholtz Young Investigator grant
Fritz Thyssen Stiftung
German Research Foundation (DFG)