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Immunology of COVID-19: Mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics, and perspectives-A report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).
Allergy 75, 2445-2476 (2020)
With the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular, and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender, and age in development of COVID-19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID-19 studies.
Impact Factor
Scopus SNIP
Web of Science
Times Cited
Times Cited
Scopus
Cited By
Cited By
Altmetric
8.706
0.000
56
70
Anmerkungen
Besondere Publikation
Auf Hompepage verbergern
Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Review
Schlagwörter
Covid‐ ; 19 Comorbidity ; Covid‐ ; 19 Immunity ; Covid‐ ; 19 Multimorbidity ; Covid‐ ; 19 Prevention ; Covid‐ ; 19 Treatment ; Sars ; Sars‐ ; Cov‐ ; 2 Receptors; Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Cd8 T-cells; Sars-coronavirus; Bcg Vaccination; Responses; Infection; Pneumonia; Pathogenesis; Interferon; Expression
Sprache
englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr
2020
HGF-Berichtsjahr
2020
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0105-4538
e-ISSN
1398-9995
Zeitschrift
Allergy
Quellenangaben
Band: 75,
Heft: 10,
Seiten: 2445-2476
Verlag
Wiley
Verlagsort
111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)
POF Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
Forschungsfeld(er)
Allergy
PSP-Element(e)
G-505490-001
G-505400-001
G-505400-001
WOS ID
WOS:000583745600002
PubMed ID
32584441
Erfassungsdatum
2020-12-14