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Kender, Z.* ; Groener, J.B.* ; Jende, J.M.E.* ; Kurz, F.T.* ; Fleming, T.* ; Sulaj, A.* ; Schuh-Hofer, S.* ; Treede, R.D.* ; Bendszus, M.* ; Szendroedi, J. ; Nawroth, P.P. ; Kopf, S.*

Diabetic neuropathy is a generalized phenomenon with impact on hand functional performance and quality of life.

Eur. J. Neurol. 29, 3081-3091 (2022)

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BACKGROUND: Diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is usually considered to affect predominantly the lower limbs (LL-N), while the impact of upper limb neuropathy (UL-N) on hand functional performance and quality of life (QoL) has not been evaluated systematically. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of UL-N and its functional and psychosocial consequences in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (n=141) and an age- and sex-matched control group (n=73) underwent comprehensive assessment of neuropathy, hand functional performance and psychosocial status. RESULTS: The prevalence of UL-N was 30.5% in patients with diabetes and that of LL-N 49.6%, with 25.5% exhibiting both. Patients with diabetes showed similar sensory phenotype regarding both large and small fiber functions in hands and feet. Patients with UL-N showed reduced manual dexterity, but normal hand grip force. Additionally, there was a correlation between reduced dexterity and sensory deficits. Patients with UL-N had reduced estimates of psychosocial health including health-related QoL compared to control subjects and patients without UL-N. UL-N correlated with the severity of LL-N, but not with duration of diabetes, glycaemia, age, or sex. CONCLUSIONS: This study points to a substantial prevalence of UL-N in type 2 diabetes. The sensory phenotype of patients with UL-N was similar to LL-N and was characterized by loss of sensory function. Our study demonstrated an association of UL-N with impaired manual dexterity and reduced health-related QoL. Thus, upper limb sensorimotor functions should be assessed early in patients with diabetes.

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