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Kolland, D. ; Kuhlmann, M.* ; de Almeida, G.P.* ; Köhler, A. ; Arifovic, A. ; von Strempel, A.* ; Pourjam, M.* ; Bolsega, S.* ; Wurmser, C.* ; Steiger, K.* ; Basic, M.* ; Neuhaus, K.* ; Schmidt-Weber, C.B. ; Stecher, B.* ; Zehn, D.* ; Ohnmacht, C.

A specific microbial consortium enhances Th1 immunity, improves LCMV viral clearance but aggravates LCMV disease pathology in mice.

Nat. Commun. 16:3902 (2025)

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Anti-viral immunity can vary tremendously from individual to individual but mechanistic understanding is still scarce. Here, we show that a defined, low complex bacterial community (OMM¹²) but not the general absence of microbes in germ-free mice leads to a more potent immune response compared to the microbiome of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice after a systemic viral infection with LCMV Clone-13. Consequently, gnotobiotic mice colonized with OMM¹² have more severe LCMV-induced disease pathology but also enhance viral clearance in the intestinal tract. Mechanistically, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of adoptively transferred virus-specific T helper cells and endogenous T helper cells in the intestinal tract reveal a stronger pro-inflammatory Th1 profile and a more vigorous expansion in OMM¹² than SPF mice. Altogether, our work highlights the causative function of the intestinal microbiome for shaping adaptive anti-viral immunity with implications for vaccination strategies and anti-cancer treatment regimens.

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