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Novelli, S.* ; Reinkemeyer, C.* ; Bulaev, D.* ; O'Sullivan, M.P.* ; Snoeck, C.J.* ; Rauschenberger, A.* ; Manto, C.* ; Kolodkin, A.L.* ; Ghosh, S.* ; Satagopam, V.* ; le Chenadec, J.* ; Barthelemy, K.* ; Priet, S.* ; de Lamballerie, X.* ; Wieser, A.* ; Kroidl, I.* ; Vaillant, M.* ; Meyer, L.* ; Hoelscher, M. ; Castelletti, N. ; Krüger, R.* ; Warszawski, J.*

Waning of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: A 12-month-evaluation in three population-based European studies.

PLoS ONE 20:e0320196 (2025)

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OBJECTIVES: We described waning in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in adult general populations infected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 across three European countries. METHODS: Coordinated analyses were conducted separately in three population-based cohorts with complementary follow-up schedules: the KoCo19 (Germany), EpiCov (France), and CON-VINCE (Luxembourg) cohorts. Serological follow-up was based on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA-S IgG (Euroimmun) assay. We selected all adults aged 18-79 who had a positive serology (IgG optical density (OD) ratio ≥1.1) between February and July 2020, and at least one subsequent IgG measurement within the following 12 months, while still non-vaccinated. RESULTS: The proportion of seroreversion was 0% within the four first months, based on Koco19 data (n = 65 participants). In the longer term, 31.3% of participants had seroreverted at 6 months (95%CI: 24.4-39.1) (based on EpiCov data, n = 599), 31.3% (95%CI: 11.0-58.7) at 12 months (based on CON-VINCE data, n = 16). From EpiCov data, both baseline low IgG levels and seroneutralization negativity remained predictive of seroreversion in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: From population-based cohorts, anti-S IgG levels remained stable during the first 4 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of the decay occurred afterward; nearly one-third of people seroreverted 6 and 12 months later. Low IgG levels and seroneutralization negativity were independent predictors of seroreversion.

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