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Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.
Nat. Med. 31, 3151–3168 (2025)
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Forschungsdaten
DOI
PMC
Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early
prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up
to 5.1 million people (4.6% African ancestry, 14.4% American ancestry,
8.4% East Asian ancestry, 71.1% European ancestry and 1.5% South Asian
ancestry) from the GIANT consortium and 23andMe, Inc., we developed
ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PGSs. The multi-ancestry score
explained 17.6% of BMI variation among UK Biobank participants of
European ancestry. For other populations, this ranged from 16% in East
Asian-Americans to 2.2% in rural Ugandans. In the ALSPAC study, children
with higher PGSs showed accelerated BMI gain from age 2.5 years to
adolescence, with earlier adiposity rebound. Adding the PGS to
predictors available at birth nearly doubled explained variance for BMI
from age 5 onward (for example, from 11% to 21% at age 8). Up to age 5,
adding the PGS to early-life BMI improved prediction of BMI at age 18
(for example, from 22% to 35% at age 5). Higher PGSs were associated
with greater adult weight gain. In intensive lifestyle intervention
trials, individuals with higher PGSs lost modestly more weight in the
first year (0.55 kg per s.d.) but were more likely to regain it.
Overall, these data show that PGSs have the potential to improve obesity
prediction, particularly when implemented early in life.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Diabetes Prevention Program; Weight-loss; Style Intervention; Genetic Risk; Adiposity; Health; Childhood; Associations; Overweight; Resource
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1078-8956
e-ISSN
1546-170X
Zeitschrift
Nature medicine
Quellenangaben
Band: 31,
Heft: 9,
Seiten: 3151–3168
Verlag
Nature Publishing Group
Verlagsort
New York, NY
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Translational Genomics (ITG)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Förderungen
'The National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program'
The National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program
An Fogarty grant
A Fogarty grant
The Fogarty grant
'The Fogarty grant'
'Fogarty grant'
'The US National Institutes of Health (NIH)'
The US National Institutes of Health (NIH)
'US National Institutes of Health (NIH)'
Wageningen University, Wageningen
VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
Vincent Fairfax Family Foundation
VicHealth
VIAgenomics
University of Newcastle
University of Helsinki HiLIFE Fellow and Grand Challenge grant
NSW Health
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Association of Schools of Public Health
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
University of Western Australia
University of Oulu
University of Notre Dame Australia
University Medical Center Groningen
University Hospital Regensburg
UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland
Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Swiss Personalized Health Network
Strategic Priority CAS Project
Stockholm County Council
Strategic Cardiovascular Program of Karolinska Institutet
State of Brandenburg (DZD grant)
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Social Insurance Institution of Finland
Singapore National Medical Research Council (NMRC)
Singapore Ministry of Health (Population Health Metrics and Analytics PHMA)
Science Foundation Ireland-Department for the Economy (SFI-DfE) Investigator Program Partnership Award
Boston Medical Center
Avedisian School of Medicine
Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University Chobanian
Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Oulu University Hospital
MaculaFonds
Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister of Ireland
Norwegian Atrial Fibrillation Research Network
Montreal Heart Institute Biobank
Leiden University, Research Profile Area 'Vascular and Regenerative Medicine'
Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases
Program for an Integrated Database of Clinical and Genomic Information
ImriCor
Netherlands Twin Registry Repository and the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL)
NextGenerationEU Project
Pla Director d'Oncologia de Catalunya (XBTC)
Pfizer
PCUK/Prostate Action
Royal Marsden Foundation NHS Trust
Servier Research Group
Sardinian Autonomous Region
Siemens Healthineers
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Accelerating Clinical Trials funding stream in Canada
Copenhagen university
Aarhus university
Gothenburg University
Health Fund of the Danish Health Insurance Societies
ERA-Net Cofund action
Accare Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
ADAS software
Amgen
Amsterdam Public Health (APH)
D70-RESRICGIROTTO
AstraZeneca
Beijing Municipal of Health Reform and Development Project
Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control
Bayer Pharma AG
Biosense Webster
Bristol Myers Squibb
Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
California Cancer Research Fund
Departments, Division and the Board of Directors of the Leiden University Medical Centre
EHRA
Program for Next-Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program
Swedish National Health Service
Health Care Center in Narpes
Health Care Center in Korsholm
Health~Holland PPP Allowance 'Getting the Perfect Image'
Women and Infants Research Foundation
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Venture Fund
Wake Forest School of Medicine grant
VU University's Institutes for Health and Care Research (EMGO+)
Cancer Council Victoria
Vestre Viken Hospital Trust
University of Michigan
TrygFonden
Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation
Wellcome Trust/Wolfson Foundation
Turku University Foundation
Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg Foundation
Tampere University Hospital Supporting Foundation
Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation
Swiss National Science Foundation
Swedish Ministry of Education
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Swedish Cancer Foundation
St. Louis Men's Group Against Cancer
Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
Smilow family
Skane University Hospital
Singapore Translational Research Investigator (STaR) Award
Sigrid Juselius Foundation
Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
Scottish Funding Council
Ronald and Rita McAulay Foundation
Research Council of Norway
Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports
Raine Study Medical Research Foundation
Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation
Prostate Cancer Research Foundation
Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia
Program for Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation Organization (NIBIO)
Perklen Foundation
Paavo Nurmi Foundation
Ovarian Cancer Research Fund
Orchid Cancer Appeal
Stichting Blindenhulp, Stichting A.F. Deutman Oogheelkunde Researchfonds
Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden
Oogfonds
Ollqvist Foundation
Office of Research on Minority Health (ORMH)
Nordic Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics
Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative
National University of Singapore
National University Health System, Singapore
National Science Council, Taiwan
National Research Foundation, Singapore (HUJ-CREATE Programme)
National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), European Union
National Natural Science Foundation of China
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
National Cancer Research Network UK
National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) UK
Narpes Health Care Foundation
Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital in Jakobstad
Movember Foundation
Morris and Horowitz Families Endowed Professorship
Montreal Heart Institute Foundation
Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology, North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWFT-NRW)
Medical Research Council of Canada
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
Lundberg Foundation
Lundbeck Foundation
Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE)
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Kids Research Institute Australia
KfH Stiftung Praventivmedizin e.V.
KfH Foundation for Preventive Medicine (the KfH Stiftung Praventivmedizin)
Juho Vainio Foundation
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
Jan Dekker Foundation
Italian Ministry of Universities
Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)
Ib Henriksen Foundation
Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Foundation
Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Irish Public Health Agency
Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology (PENED 2003)
Gratama Foundation
National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)
Ministere de l'Economie, Science et Innovation du Quebec
Ministere de l'Economie et de l'Innovation du Quebec
Department of Defence
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Government of Canada through Genome Canada
German Ministry of Cultural Affairs
German Heart Foundation (DSF)
Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC
Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
General Clinical Research Center Program (GCRC)
Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine
Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla
Fundacion IMSS Mexico
French Ministry of Research
Free State of Saxony
Austrian National Bank Anniversary Fund
Foundation for Strategic Research and the Stockholm County Council
Foundation for Pediatric Research, Finland
Folkhalsan Research Foundation
Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry
Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture
Finnish Medical Society
Finnish innovation fund Sitra
Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation
Finnish Cultural Foundation
Finnish Cardiac Research Foundation
Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne
Eye Birth Defects Foundation, Inc.
Everyman Campaign
Emil Aaltonen Foundation
Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung
Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol
Egmont Foundation
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) UK
Dutch Ministry of Justice (WODC)
Dutch Kidney Foundation
Dutch Brain Foundation
Donald C. McGraw Foundation
Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes Association
Centre for Ageing Research and Development in Ireland
Department of Innovation, Research, and University of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol
Danish Research Council for Independent Research
Danish Pharmacists' Fund
Danish Pharmaceutical Association
Danish National Research Foundation
Danish Heart Foundation
Danish Diabetes Association
Danish Centre for Health Technology Assessment
CNR project
Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Ministry of Science and Technology
Cotswold Foundation
Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) from the Japan Science Technology Agency
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) in Mexico
Competitive Research Funding of the Tampere University Hospital
China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Endowed Chair in Genomic Research
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government
Center of Innovation Program, the Global University Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
Center for Translational Molecular Medicine
Catalan Government
Cancer Foundation Finland
Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute
Canada Research Chair Program
C.G. Sundell Foundation
Broad Institute
Breast Cancer Research Foundation
Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) of Singapore
Belgian federal government (National Cancer Plan)
Becket Foundation
Baden Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts
Austrian Science Fond (FWF)
Austrian Ministry of Science
Augustinus Foundation
Atlantic Philanthropies
Assessorato Ricerca Regione Campania
Anthony DeNovi Fund
Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc
Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament)
ALF/LUA research grant in Gothenburg
Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
Temas Prioritarios de Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Takeda Medical Research Foundation
Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Stanley Medical Research Institute
Special Governmental Grants for Health Sciences Research, Turku University Hospital
Social Sciences Council
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project
Sanofi
Safe Work Australia, WA Health, Government of Western Australia (WADOH) (Future Health)
Rosetrees Trust
Research Project for Excellence IKY/SIEMENS
Research Foundation of Copenhagen County
Region of Southern Denmark
Queen's University Belfast
Prostate Cancer Canada Movember Discovery Grant
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Oak Foundation fellowship
NZO (Dutch Dairy Association)
Novo Nordisk, Inc.
Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research
Nordic Center of Excellence in Health-Related e-Sciences
Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA)
NCHA (Netherlands Consortium Healthy Ageing) Leiden/Rotterdam
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
National Key Research and Development Program of China
National Institute of Health, Republic of Korea
Murdoch University
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
MEXT
Merck Sharp Dohme Corp.
Medical University of Graz (ASPS)
Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
Ligue departementale du Val de Marne
Leo Laboratories
Leiden University Medical Center
Kuwait Foundation for the Advancements of Sciences (KFAS)
Korea National Institute of Health
Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea
Komen Foundation for the Cure
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF) (BEAT-DKD)
US National Institute on Aging
Italian Ministry of Health
FEDER
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Institut National du Cancer (INCa)
Hong Kong Kadoorie Charitable Foundation
Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association)
State of Bavaria
Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Heinz Nixdorf Foundation
Health Care Center in Vasa
Greek Secretariat for Research and Technology
GlaxoSmithKline
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
German Cancer Aid
Genome Canada
Genome Quebec
Generalitat de Catalunya
FWO Vlaanderen
Foundation Leducq
Parelsnoer Initiative (PSI)
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Accelerating Medicines Partnership
Fondo Sectorial de Investigacion en Salud y Seguridad Social (SSA/IMSS/ISSSTE CONACYT) in Mexico
Fondazione di Sardegna
Fondation de France
Fondation ARC
Finska Lakaresallskapet
Estonian Research Council
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam
EFPIA companies
Edith Cowan University
Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation
Department of Science and Technology, Government of India through PURSE II
Department of Biotechnology, Government of India
Dell Loy Hansen Heart Foundation
Danish Ministry of Internal Affairs and Health
Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.
Curtin University
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India
Concerted Research Action of the KU Leuven
23andMe
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospitals
Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai
Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates
Cancer Council of South Australia
Cancer Council of Victoria
Cancer Council Tasmania
Cancer Council Queensland
Cancer Centre at Barts and QMUL
Cancer Australia PdCCRS
Cancer Australia
Business Finland through the Personalized Diagnostics and Care program
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) of Finland
Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL)
Avera Institute for Human Genetics
Astellas Pharma, Inc.
Arthritis Research UK
AICR Netherlands
Agence Nationale de securite sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
AFNET
Abbott
Royal Society URF
'Indremedisinsk Forskningsfond' at Baerum Hospital
US Department of Veterans Affairs: Baltimore Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Merit Grant
Australian Research Council (ARC)
Federal Ministry of Science, Germany
German Ministry of Education and Science
CVGenes@Target
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
American Diabetes Association (ADA): Jr Faculty Development
American Heart Association (AHA)
German Research Council (DFG)
German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG))
British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence
British Heart Foundation (BHF)
RiskyCAD
European Research Council (ERC)
Linnaeus grant
Top Sector Life Sciences Health
Dutch Heart Foundation (DHF)
Netherlands Heart Foundation
Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
Strategic Research Area Exodiab
Swedish Research Council
Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics
Academy of Finland
NHMRC Career Development Fellowship
Wellcome Trust Investigator
Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
TriPartite Immunometabolism Consortium (TrIC)
Novo Nordisk Foundation
Danish Diabetes Academy
Danish Cardiovascular Academy - Novo Nordisk Foundation
Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF)
Wellcome Trust Strategic Award
NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial Clinical Research Facility
Institutional Strategic Support Fund
Wellcome Trust
UKRI Medical Research Council
UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement (GPC-UGR)
MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health
Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Programme in Precision Medicine
National Health and Medical Research Council
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
UK Medical Research Council (MRC)
Medical Research Council program
Dutch Research Council (Vidi Innovational Research Award)
ZonMW
NWO/ZonMw Rubicon grant
Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
Center for Medical Systems Biology (CSMB, NWO Genomics)
NGI/NWO - the Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB)
Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/NWO Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)
NWO Division for the Social Sciences (MaGW)
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
UK National Institute for Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship
King's College London (TwinsUK)
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Health Impact of Environmental Hazards
NIHR
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Official Development Assistance (ODA)
NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility
NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research
NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the Institute of Cancer Research
UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Centers
European Science Foundation
European Community
European Social Fund
Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking
Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking
EpiMigrant
EU
EUROHEADPAIN
European Commission
European Regional Development Fund
ERDF European Regional Development Fund
European Union
'National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program'
National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program
Fogarty grant
US National Institutes of Health (NIH)
The National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program
An Fogarty grant
A Fogarty grant
The Fogarty grant
'The Fogarty grant'
'Fogarty grant'
'The US National Institutes of Health (NIH)'
The US National Institutes of Health (NIH)
'US National Institutes of Health (NIH)'
Wageningen University, Wageningen
VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
Vincent Fairfax Family Foundation
VicHealth
VIAgenomics
University of Newcastle
University of Helsinki HiLIFE Fellow and Grand Challenge grant
NSW Health
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Association of Schools of Public Health
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
University of Western Australia
University of Oulu
University of Notre Dame Australia
University Medical Center Groningen
University Hospital Regensburg
UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland
Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Swiss Personalized Health Network
Strategic Priority CAS Project
Stockholm County Council
Strategic Cardiovascular Program of Karolinska Institutet
State of Brandenburg (DZD grant)
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Social Insurance Institution of Finland
Singapore National Medical Research Council (NMRC)
Singapore Ministry of Health (Population Health Metrics and Analytics PHMA)
Science Foundation Ireland-Department for the Economy (SFI-DfE) Investigator Program Partnership Award
Boston Medical Center
Avedisian School of Medicine
Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University Chobanian
Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Oulu University Hospital
MaculaFonds
Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister of Ireland
Norwegian Atrial Fibrillation Research Network
Montreal Heart Institute Biobank
Leiden University, Research Profile Area 'Vascular and Regenerative Medicine'
Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases
Program for an Integrated Database of Clinical and Genomic Information
ImriCor
Netherlands Twin Registry Repository and the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL)
NextGenerationEU Project
Pla Director d'Oncologia de Catalunya (XBTC)
Pfizer
PCUK/Prostate Action
Royal Marsden Foundation NHS Trust
Servier Research Group
Sardinian Autonomous Region
Siemens Healthineers
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Accelerating Clinical Trials funding stream in Canada
Copenhagen university
Aarhus university
Gothenburg University
Health Fund of the Danish Health Insurance Societies
ERA-Net Cofund action
Accare Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
ADAS software
Amgen
Amsterdam Public Health (APH)
D70-RESRICGIROTTO
AstraZeneca
Beijing Municipal of Health Reform and Development Project
Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control
Bayer Pharma AG
Biosense Webster
Bristol Myers Squibb
Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
California Cancer Research Fund
Departments, Division and the Board of Directors of the Leiden University Medical Centre
EHRA
Program for Next-Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program
Swedish National Health Service
Health Care Center in Narpes
Health Care Center in Korsholm
Health~Holland PPP Allowance 'Getting the Perfect Image'
Women and Infants Research Foundation
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Venture Fund
Wake Forest School of Medicine grant
VU University's Institutes for Health and Care Research (EMGO+)
Cancer Council Victoria
Vestre Viken Hospital Trust
University of Michigan
TrygFonden
Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation
Wellcome Trust/Wolfson Foundation
Turku University Foundation
Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg Foundation
Tampere University Hospital Supporting Foundation
Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation
Swiss National Science Foundation
Swedish Ministry of Education
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Swedish Cancer Foundation
St. Louis Men's Group Against Cancer
Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
Smilow family
Skane University Hospital
Singapore Translational Research Investigator (STaR) Award
Sigrid Juselius Foundation
Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
Scottish Funding Council
Ronald and Rita McAulay Foundation
Research Council of Norway
Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports
Raine Study Medical Research Foundation
Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation
Prostate Cancer Research Foundation
Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia
Program for Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation Organization (NIBIO)
Perklen Foundation
Paavo Nurmi Foundation
Ovarian Cancer Research Fund
Orchid Cancer Appeal
Stichting Blindenhulp, Stichting A.F. Deutman Oogheelkunde Researchfonds
Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden
Oogfonds
Ollqvist Foundation
Office of Research on Minority Health (ORMH)
Nordic Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics
Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative
National University of Singapore
National University Health System, Singapore
National Science Council, Taiwan
National Research Foundation, Singapore (HUJ-CREATE Programme)
National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), European Union
National Natural Science Foundation of China
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
National Cancer Research Network UK
National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) UK
Narpes Health Care Foundation
Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital in Jakobstad
Movember Foundation
Morris and Horowitz Families Endowed Professorship
Montreal Heart Institute Foundation
Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology, North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWFT-NRW)
Medical Research Council of Canada
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
Lundberg Foundation
Lundbeck Foundation
Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE)
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Kids Research Institute Australia
KfH Stiftung Praventivmedizin e.V.
KfH Foundation for Preventive Medicine (the KfH Stiftung Praventivmedizin)
Juho Vainio Foundation
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
Jan Dekker Foundation
Italian Ministry of Universities
Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)
Ib Henriksen Foundation
Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Foundation
Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Irish Public Health Agency
Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology (PENED 2003)
Gratama Foundation
National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)
Ministere de l'Economie, Science et Innovation du Quebec
Ministere de l'Economie et de l'Innovation du Quebec
Department of Defence
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Government of Canada through Genome Canada
German Ministry of Cultural Affairs
German Heart Foundation (DSF)
Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC
Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
General Clinical Research Center Program (GCRC)
Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine
Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla
Fundacion IMSS Mexico
French Ministry of Research
Free State of Saxony
Austrian National Bank Anniversary Fund
Foundation for Strategic Research and the Stockholm County Council
Foundation for Pediatric Research, Finland
Folkhalsan Research Foundation
Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry
Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture
Finnish Medical Society
Finnish innovation fund Sitra
Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation
Finnish Cultural Foundation
Finnish Cardiac Research Foundation
Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne
Eye Birth Defects Foundation, Inc.
Everyman Campaign
Emil Aaltonen Foundation
Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung
Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol
Egmont Foundation
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) UK
Dutch Ministry of Justice (WODC)
Dutch Kidney Foundation
Dutch Brain Foundation
Donald C. McGraw Foundation
Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes Association
Centre for Ageing Research and Development in Ireland
Department of Innovation, Research, and University of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol
Danish Research Council for Independent Research
Danish Pharmacists' Fund
Danish Pharmaceutical Association
Danish National Research Foundation
Danish Heart Foundation
Danish Diabetes Association
Danish Centre for Health Technology Assessment
CNR project
Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Ministry of Science and Technology
Cotswold Foundation
Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) from the Japan Science Technology Agency
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) in Mexico
Competitive Research Funding of the Tampere University Hospital
China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Endowed Chair in Genomic Research
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government
Center of Innovation Program, the Global University Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
Center for Translational Molecular Medicine
Catalan Government
Cancer Foundation Finland
Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute
Canada Research Chair Program
C.G. Sundell Foundation
Broad Institute
Breast Cancer Research Foundation
Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) of Singapore
Belgian federal government (National Cancer Plan)
Becket Foundation
Baden Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts
Austrian Science Fond (FWF)
Austrian Ministry of Science
Augustinus Foundation
Atlantic Philanthropies
Assessorato Ricerca Regione Campania
Anthony DeNovi Fund
Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc
Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament)
ALF/LUA research grant in Gothenburg
Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
Temas Prioritarios de Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Takeda Medical Research Foundation
Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Stanley Medical Research Institute
Special Governmental Grants for Health Sciences Research, Turku University Hospital
Social Sciences Council
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project
Sanofi
Safe Work Australia, WA Health, Government of Western Australia (WADOH) (Future Health)
Rosetrees Trust
Research Project for Excellence IKY/SIEMENS
Research Foundation of Copenhagen County
Region of Southern Denmark
Queen's University Belfast
Prostate Cancer Canada Movember Discovery Grant
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Oak Foundation fellowship
NZO (Dutch Dairy Association)
Novo Nordisk, Inc.
Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research
Nordic Center of Excellence in Health-Related e-Sciences
Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA)
NCHA (Netherlands Consortium Healthy Ageing) Leiden/Rotterdam
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
National Key Research and Development Program of China
National Institute of Health, Republic of Korea
Murdoch University
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
MEXT
Merck Sharp Dohme Corp.
Medical University of Graz (ASPS)
Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
Ligue departementale du Val de Marne
Leo Laboratories
Leiden University Medical Center
Kuwait Foundation for the Advancements of Sciences (KFAS)
Korea National Institute of Health
Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea
Komen Foundation for the Cure
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF) (BEAT-DKD)
US National Institute on Aging
Italian Ministry of Health
FEDER
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Institut National du Cancer (INCa)
Hong Kong Kadoorie Charitable Foundation
Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association)
State of Bavaria
Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Heinz Nixdorf Foundation
Health Care Center in Vasa
Greek Secretariat for Research and Technology
GlaxoSmithKline
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
German Cancer Aid
Genome Canada
Genome Quebec
Generalitat de Catalunya
FWO Vlaanderen
Foundation Leducq
Parelsnoer Initiative (PSI)
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Accelerating Medicines Partnership
Fondo Sectorial de Investigacion en Salud y Seguridad Social (SSA/IMSS/ISSSTE CONACYT) in Mexico
Fondazione di Sardegna
Fondation de France
Fondation ARC
Finska Lakaresallskapet
Estonian Research Council
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam
EFPIA companies
Edith Cowan University
Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation
Department of Science and Technology, Government of India through PURSE II
Department of Biotechnology, Government of India
Dell Loy Hansen Heart Foundation
Danish Ministry of Internal Affairs and Health
Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.
Curtin University
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India
Concerted Research Action of the KU Leuven
23andMe
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospitals
Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai
Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates
Cancer Council of South Australia
Cancer Council of Victoria
Cancer Council Tasmania
Cancer Council Queensland
Cancer Centre at Barts and QMUL
Cancer Australia PdCCRS
Cancer Australia
Business Finland through the Personalized Diagnostics and Care program
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) of Finland
Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL)
Avera Institute for Human Genetics
Astellas Pharma, Inc.
Arthritis Research UK
AICR Netherlands
Agence Nationale de securite sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
AFNET
Abbott
Royal Society URF
'Indremedisinsk Forskningsfond' at Baerum Hospital
US Department of Veterans Affairs: Baltimore Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Merit Grant
Australian Research Council (ARC)
Federal Ministry of Science, Germany
German Ministry of Education and Science
CVGenes@Target
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
American Diabetes Association (ADA): Jr Faculty Development
American Heart Association (AHA)
German Research Council (DFG)
German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG))
British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence
British Heart Foundation (BHF)
RiskyCAD
European Research Council (ERC)
Linnaeus grant
Top Sector Life Sciences Health
Dutch Heart Foundation (DHF)
Netherlands Heart Foundation
Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
Strategic Research Area Exodiab
Swedish Research Council
Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics
Academy of Finland
NHMRC Career Development Fellowship
Wellcome Trust Investigator
Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
TriPartite Immunometabolism Consortium (TrIC)
Novo Nordisk Foundation
Danish Diabetes Academy
Danish Cardiovascular Academy - Novo Nordisk Foundation
Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF)
Wellcome Trust Strategic Award
NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial Clinical Research Facility
Institutional Strategic Support Fund
Wellcome Trust
UKRI Medical Research Council
UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement (GPC-UGR)
MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health
Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Programme in Precision Medicine
National Health and Medical Research Council
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
UK Medical Research Council (MRC)
Medical Research Council program
Dutch Research Council (Vidi Innovational Research Award)
ZonMW
NWO/ZonMw Rubicon grant
Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
Center for Medical Systems Biology (CSMB, NWO Genomics)
NGI/NWO - the Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB)
Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/NWO Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)
NWO Division for the Social Sciences (MaGW)
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
UK National Institute for Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship
King's College London (TwinsUK)
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Health Impact of Environmental Hazards
NIHR
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Official Development Assistance (ODA)
NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility
NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research
NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the Institute of Cancer Research
UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Centers
European Science Foundation
European Community
European Social Fund
Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking
Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking
EpiMigrant
EU
EUROHEADPAIN
European Commission
European Regional Development Fund
ERDF European Regional Development Fund
European Union
'National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program'
National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program
Fogarty grant
US National Institutes of Health (NIH)