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Schweiger, R.* ; Weissbrod, O.* ; Rahmani, E.* ; Müller-Nurasyid, M. ; Kunze, S. ; Gieger, C. ; Waldenberger, M. ; Rosset, S.* ; Halperin, E.*

RL-SKAT: An exact and efficient score Test for heritability and set tests.

Genetics 207, 1275-1283 (2017)
Publ. Version/Full Text Research data DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Testing for the existence of variance components in linear mixed models is a fundamental task in many applicative fields. In statistical genetics, the score test has recently become instrumental in the task of testing an association between a set of genetic markers and a phenotype. With few markers, this amounts to set-based variance component tests, which attempt to increase power in association studies by aggregating weak individual effects. When the entire genome is considered, it allows testing for the heritability of a phenotype, defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetics. In the popular score-based Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT) method, the assumed distribution of the score test statistic is uncalibrated in small samples, with a correction being computationally expensive. This may cause severe inflation or deflation of p-values, even when the null hypothesis is true. Here, we characterize the conditions under which this discrepancy holds, and show it may occur also in large real datasets, such as a dataset from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (n=13,950) study, and in particular when the individuals in the sample are unrelated. In these cases the SKAT approximation tends to be highly over-conservative and therefore underpowered. To address this limitation, we suggest an efficient method to calculate exact p-values for the score test in the case of a single variance component and a continuous response vector, which can speed up the analysis by orders of magnitude. Our results enable fast and accurate application of the score test in heritability and in set-based association tests. Our method is available in http://github.com/cozygene/RL-SKAT.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Skat ; Heritability ; Set-tests ; Statistical Genetics; Kernel Association Test; Gene-expression; Mixed Models; Peripheral-blood; Dna Methylation; Regression; Power; Rare; Variance; Patterns
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0016-6731
e-ISSN 0016-6731
Journal Genetics
Quellenangaben Volume: 207, Issue: 4, Pages: 1275-1283 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Genetics Society of America
Publishing Place Bethesda
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (IGE)
Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)