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Does temperature-confounding control influence the modifying effect of air temperature in ozone–mortality associations?
Environ. Epi. 2:e008 (2018)
Background: Recent epidemiological studies investigating the modifying effect of air temperature in ozone–mortality associations lack consensus as how to adjust for nonlinear and lagged temperature effect in addition to including an interaction term. Methods: We evaluated the influence of temperature confounding control on temperature-stratified ozone–mortality risks in a time series setting in eight European cities and 86 US cities, respectively. To investigate potential residual confounding, we additionally incorporated next day’s ozone in models with differing temperature control. Results: Using only a categorical variable for temperature or only controlling nonlinear effect of low temperatures yielded highly significant ozone effects at high temperatures but also significant residual confounding in both regions. Adjustment for nonlinear effect of temperature, especially high temperatures, substantially reduced ozone effects at high temperatures and residual confounding. Conclusions: Inadequate control for confounding by air temperature leads to residual confounding and an overestimation of the temperature-modifying effect in studies of ozone-related mortality.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2474-7882
e-ISSN
2474-7882
Journal
Environmental epidemiology
Quellenangaben
Volume: 2,
Issue: 1,
Article Number: e008
Publisher
Wolters Kluwer Health
Publishing Place
Alphen aan den Rijn
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)