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Fiebig, C.* ; Keiner, S.* ; Ebert, B. ; Schäffner, I. ; Jagasia, R. ; Lie, D.C. ; Beckervordersandforth, R.*

Mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes impairs the generation of reactive astrocytes and enhances neuronal cell death in the cortex upon photothrombotic lesion.

Front. Mol. Neurosci. 12:40 (2019)

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Mitochondria are key organelles in regulating the metabolic state of a cell. In the brain, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is the prevailing mechanism for neurons to generate ATP. While it is firmly established that neuronal function is highly dependent on mitochondrial metabolism, it is less well-understood how astrocytes function rely on mitochondria. In this study, we investigate if astrocytes require a functional mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation (oxPhos) under physiological and injury conditions. By immunohistochemistry we show that astrocytes expressed components of the ETC and oxPhos complexes in vivo. Genetic inhibition of mitochondrial transcription by conditional deletion of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) led to dysfunctional ETC and oxPhos activity, as indicated by aberrant mitochondrial swelling in astrocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction did not impair survival of astrocytes, but caused a reactive gliosis in the cortex under physiological conditions. Photochemically initiated thrombosis induced ischemic stroke led to formation of hyperfused mitochondrial networks in reactive astrocytes of the perilesional area. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction significantly reduced the generation of new astrocytes and increased neuronal cell death in the perilesional area. These results indicate that astrocytes require a functional ETC and oxPhos machinery for proliferation and neuroprotection under injury conditions.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Astrocytes ; Electron Transport Chain ; Mitochondrial Metabolism ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Reactive Gliosis ; Stroke/photothrombotic Lesion ; Tfam; Complex-i; Parkinsons-disease; Respiratory-chain; Energy-metabolism; Brain-injury; Proliferation; Transcriptome; Mice; Glia; Oligodendrocytes

ISSN (print) / ISBN 1662-5099

e-ISSN 1662-5099

Journal Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Quellenangaben Volume: 12, Article Number: 40

Publisher Frontiers

Publishing Place Avenue Du Tribunal Federal 34, Lausanne, Ch-1015, Switzerland

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG)