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Ott, R. ; Stein, R. ; Hauta-Alus, H.H.* ; Ronkainen, J.* ; Fernández-Barrés, S.* ; Spielau, U.* ; Kirsten, H.* ; Poulain, T.* ; Melton, P.E.* ; Küpers, L.K.* ; Azaryah, H.* ; Colombo, M.* ; Landgraf, K.* ; Tobi, E.W.* ; O'Sullivan, T.* ; Huang, R.C.* ; Campoy, C.* ; Winkler, C. ; Vioque, J.* ; Vrijheid, M.* ; Kiess, W.* ; Körner, A. ; Sebert, S.* ; Jarvelin, M.R.* ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Hummel, S.

Epigenome-wide meta-analysis reveals associations between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and DNA methylation in children and adolescents of different body sizes.

Diabetes Care 46, 2067-2075 (2023)
Postprint DOI PMC
Open Access Green
OBJECTIVE: Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, with potential distinct effects in people with increased BMI. DNA methylation (DNAm) may mediate these effects. Thus, we conducted meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) between dietary GI and GL and blood DNAm of children and adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We calculated dietary GI and GL and performed EWAS in children and adolescents (age range: 4.5-17 years) from six cohorts (N = 1,187). We performed stratified analyses of participants with normal weight (n = 801) or overweight or obesity (n = 386). We performed look-ups for the identified cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05) with tissue-specific gene expression of 832 blood and 223 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from children and adolescents. RESULTS: Dietary GL was positively associated with DNAm of cg20274553 (FDR <0.05), annotated to WDR27. Several CpGs were identified in the normal-weight (GI: 85; GL: 17) and overweight or obese (GI: 136; GL: 298; FDR <0.05) strata, and none overlapped between strata. In participants with overweight or obesity, identified CpGs were related to RNA expression of genes associated with impaired metabolism (e.g., FRAT1, CSF3). CONCLUSIONS: We identified 537 associations between dietary GI and GL and blood DNAm, mainly in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. High-GI and/or -GL diets may influence epigenetic gene regulation and thereby promote metabolic derangements in young people with increased BMI.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Keywords Childhood; Risk; Pregnancy; Values
Language english
Publication Year 2023
HGF-reported in Year 2023
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0149-5992
e-ISSN 1935-5548
Journal Diabetes Care
Quellenangaben Volume: 46, Issue: 11, Pages: 2067-2075 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher American Diabetes Association
Publishing Place Alexandria, Va.
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research (IDF)
Helmholtz Institute for Metabolism, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG)
POF-Topic(s) 30201 - Metabolic Health
Research field(s) Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s) G-502100-001
G-506503-001
Grants Joint Programming Initiative A healthy diet for a healthy life10.13039/100013279
DOI 10.2337/dc23-0474
WOS ID 001181018600026
Scopus ID 85175357524
PubMed ID 37756535
Erfassungsdatum 2023-11-28
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