Pharmacological advances in incretin-based polyagonism - what we know and what we don'tt.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Physiology 39, 142-156 (2024)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    The prevalence of obesity continues to rise in both the adolescent and adult, in parallel obesity is strongly associated with the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), heart failure, certain types of cancer, and all-cause mortality. In relation to obesity, many pharmacological approaches of the past have tried and failed to combat the rising obesity epidemic, particularly due to insufficient efficacy or unacceptable side-effects. But while the history of anti-obesity medication is plagued by failures and disappointments, we have witnessed over the last 10 years substantial progress, particularly in regard to biochemically optimized agonists at the receptor for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and unimolecular co-agonists at the receptors for GLP-1 and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Although GIPR:GLP-1R co-agonists are being heralded as premier pharmacological tools for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, uncertainty remains as to why these drugs testify superiority over best-in-class GLP-1R monoagonists. Particularly with regard to GIP, there remains great uncertainty if and how GIP acts on systems metabolism and if the GIP system should be activated or inhibited to improve metabolic outcome in adjunct to GLP-1R agonism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in GLP-1- and GIP-based pharmacology, and discuss recent findings and open questions related to how the GIP system affects systemic energy and glucose metabolism.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Review
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Diabetes ; Gip ; Glp-1 ; Obesity ; Co-agonist; Gastric-inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon-like Peptide-1; Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide; Glp-1 Receptor Agonist; Lipoprotein-lipase Activity; Glycemic Control; Gip Receptor; Food-intake; Diabetes-mellitus; Adipose-tissue
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2024
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2024
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1548-9213
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1548-9221
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 39,  
	    Issue: 3,  
	    Pages: 142-156 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            American Physiological Society
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            6120 Executive Blvd, Suite 600, Rockville, Md, United States
        
 
	
        
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        POF-Topic(s)
        90000 - German Center for Diabetes Research
30201 - Metabolic Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Helmholtz Diabetes Center
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-501900-221
G-502200-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        European Union
German Research Foundation
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2024-04-22