Kopaliani, I.* ; Elsaid, B.* ; Speier, S. ; Deussen, A.*
Immune and metabolic mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25:13337 (2024)
Endothelial dysfunction is a strong prognostic factor in predicting the development of cardiovascular diseases. Dysfunctional endothelium loses its homeostatic ability to regulate vascular tone and prevent overactivation of inflammation, leading to vascular dysfunction. These functions are critical for vascular homeostasis and arterial pressure control, the disruption of which may lead to hypertension. Hypertension itself can also cause endothelial dysfunction, as endothelial cells are susceptible to haemodynamic changes. Although it is unclear which of those factors appear first, they create a vicious circle further damaging multiple organs, including the heart and vessels. There are also sex-specific differences in homeostatic functions of the endothelium regarding vessel tone regulation, which may contribute to differences in arterial blood pressure between men and women. Even more importantly, there are sex-differences in the development of endothelial dysfunction and vessel remodelling. Hence, an understanding of the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and its contribution to pathological vascular remodelling during hypertension is of critical importance. This review addresses immunological and metabolic aspects in mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and the resulting mechanisms in vascular remodelling with respect to arterial hypertension, including the potential role of sex-specific differences.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
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Keywords
Endothelial Dysfunction ; Endothelium ; Hypertension ; Inflammation ; Metabolism ; Sex-differences ; Vessel Remodelling; Vascular Smooth-muscle; Porcine Coronary-arteries; Nitric-oxide Synthesis; Angiotensin-ii; Blood-pressure; Asymmetric Dimethylarginine; Gender-differences; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Hyperpolarizing Factor; Sex-differences
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Language
english
Publication Year
2024
Prepublished in Year
0
HGF-reported in Year
2024
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1661-6596
e-ISSN
1422-0067
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Volume: 25,
Issue: 24,
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Article Number: 13337
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MDPI
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Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Pancreatic Islet Research (IPI)
POF-Topic(s)
90000 - German Center for Diabetes Research
Research field(s)
Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s)
G-502600-005
Grants
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Irakli Kopaliani from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Copyright
Erfassungsdatum
2025-01-10