Ladek, A.-M.* ; Lucio, M. ; Weiß, A.* ; Knauer, T.E.* ; Sarmiento, H.* ; Ilgner, M.* ; Jakobi, M.* ; Barteczko, L.* ; Ganslmayer, M.* ; Rech, J.* ; Bergua, A.* ; Mardin, C.Y.* ; Hohberger, B.*
     
    
        
Deoxygenation trends and their multivariate association with self-reported fatigue in post-COVID syndrome.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Biomedicines 13, 1371 - 1371 (2025)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Background/Objectives: A relevant subgroup of post-COVID-19 
syndrome (PCS) patients suffers from post-exertional malaise (PEM) and 
cardiovascular or neurological symptoms, impairing daily functioning up 
to becoming even house- or bedbound. Recent data suggest that PCS 
summarizes different subgroups, one of them being characterized by an 
impaired microcirculation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to 
investigate local deoxygenation, measured with non-invasive 
near-infrared regional spectroscopy (NIRS), and its association with 
self-reported fatigue in patients with PCS compared to controls in light
 exercise. Methods: 150 participants (100 PCS patients and 50 
controls) were recruited. PEM was assessed using FACIT, Chalder, and 
Bell scoring and Canadian Criteria. NIRS was used to measure local 
oxygenation while kneading a stress ball and during recovery. Results:
 PCS patients showed fatigue scores of 30 (Bell score), 20.6 (FACIT 
fatigue score), and 9.914 (Chalder fatigue score). Decreased 
deoxygenation peaks at the start of exercise were observed in patients 
with PCS, compared to controls (p = 
0.0002). Multivariate analysis identified a subgroup, showing an 
association between strong fatigue and restricted oxygenation dynamics. Conclusions:
 NIRS could be a potential tool to assess deoxygenation deficits even in
 moderate to severely impaired PCS patients using light exercise 
protocols.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Deoxygenation ; 2019-20 Coronavirus Outbreak ; Association (psychology); Tissue Oxygenation; Hemodynamics; Spectroscopy; Extraction
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2025
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2025
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        2227-9059
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        2227-9059
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 13,  
	    Issue: 6,  
	    Pages: 1371 - 1371 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            MDPI
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Basel, Switzerland
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Environmental Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-504800-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        German Research Foundation
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Bavarian State Ministry of Health, Care and Prevention
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2025-06-06