Blümlhuber, A.* ; Freuer, D.* ; Wawro, N. ; Rohm, F.* ; Meisinger, C.* ; Linseisen, J.*
     
    
        
Association between habitual dietary intake and urinary metabolites in adults—results of a population-based study.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Metabolites 15, 441 - 441 (2025)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global 
health challenge, with unhealthy diets contributing significantly to 
their burden. Metabolomics data offer new possibilities for identifying 
nutritional biomarkers, as demonstrated in short-term intervention 
studies. This study investigated associations between habitual dietary 
intake and urinary metabolites, a not well-studied area. Methods: Data 
were available from 496 participants of the population-based MEIA study.
 Linear and median regression models examined associations between 
habitual dietary intake and metabolites, adjusted for possible 
confounders. K-means clustering identified urinary metabolite clusters, 
and multinomial regression models were applied to analyze associations 
between food intake and metabolite clusters. Results: Using linear 
regression models, previously reported associations could be replicated,
 including citrus intake with proline betaine, protein intake with urea,
 and fiber intake with hippurate. Novel findings include positive 
associations of poultry intake with taurine, indoxyl sulfate, 
1-methylnicotinamide, and trimethylamine-N-oxide. Milk substitutes were 
positively associated with urinary uracil, pseudouridine, 
4-hydroxyhippurate, and 3-hydroxyhippurate, and inversely associated 
with quinic acid. Dietary fiber intake showed a positive association 
with 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionic acid and a negative 
association with indoxyl sulfate. We identified sucrose and taurine as 
key metabolites differentiating metabolite clusters. Multinomial 
regression analysis confirmed significantly different dietary 
associations across clusters, particularly for fruits, processed meat, 
poultry, and alcoholic beverages. Conclusions: This study highlights 
established and novel food–metabolite associations, demonstrating the 
potential of urinary metabolomics for use as nutritional biomarkers in 
individuals from the general population.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        urinary metabolites; habitual dietary intake; metabolomics; dietary biomarkers; Microbial Metabolites; Proline Betaine; Gut Microbiota; Biomarkers; Polyphenols; Excretion; Marker; Pseudouridine; Consumption; Tryptophan
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2025
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2025
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        2218-1989
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        2218-1989
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 15,  
	    Issue: 7,  
	    Pages: 441 - 441 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            MDPI
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Mdpi Ag, Grosspeteranlage 5, Ch-4052 Basel, Switzerland
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-504000-007
    
 
    
        Grants
        Bavarian Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2025-07-09