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Astrocyte diversity and subtypes: Aligning transcriptomics with multimodal perspectives.

EMBO Rep. 26, 4203-4218 (2025)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
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Astrocytes are considered a diverse cell population, carrying out many functions essential for supporting neuronal activity. The surge of sc/snRNA-sequencing data greatly expands our understanding of heterogeneous astrocyte gene expression, but also leads to confusion about the multitude of described astrocyte subtypes and substates in the mammalian brain. Here we discuss and review the definition of distinct subtypes and the evidence for this amongst astrocytes. Determining whether an astrocyte subtype represents a stable identity or a dynamic substate requires generalization of findings across datasets, incorporation of validation, and ideally, functional analyses. How to best achieve this is the focus of this review, including considerations about the different transcriptomic approaches. We further discuss the alignment of astrocyte subtype transcriptomes with other hallmarks, such as their position. These considerations are embedded in an overview of the current astrocyte heterogeneity knowledge as a basis for subtype definitions using different analysis techniques. Following technical and biological considerations of transcriptome analyses, we advocate for multimodal alignment to identify stable astrocyte subtypes.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Keywords Astrocytes ; Heterogeneity ; Multiomics ; Subtype/state ; Sc/snrna Transcriptomics; Cell-type; Mouse; Cortex; Brain; Plasticity; Glia; Populations; Expression; Physiology
Language english
Publication Year 2025
HGF-reported in Year 2025
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1469-221X
e-ISSN 1469-3178
Journal EMBO Reports
Quellenangaben Volume: 26, Issue: 17, Pages: 4203-4218 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher EMBO Press
Publishing Place Campus, 4 Crinan St, London, N1 9xw, England
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s) 30204 - Cell Programming and Repair
Research field(s) Stem Cell and Neuroscience
PSP Element(s) G-500800-001
Grants German Research Foundation
European Union
Helmholtz Association
Helmholtz Association, the European Union (NSC Reconstruct project)
Scopus ID 105012310688
PubMed ID 40750713
Erfassungsdatum 2025-11-03