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Impact of acute anorexia nervosa and of short-/long-term recovery after refeeding on the hormonal profiles of activin A, GDF-15 and follistatins.
Mol. Psychiatry, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-025-03245-0 (2025)
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder characterized by endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated how the concentrations of proteins recently linked with energy homeostasis might be altered in acute AN (acAN), whether their levels are associated with reproductive hormones and whether they are restored after weight recovery. Our results show that activin A, follistatin, LH and estradiol concentrations are decreased while growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) concentrations are increased in 79 females with acAN before weight restoration (acAN_T1) compared to 79 healthy control females not receiving oral contraception (HC_OCP-). The concentrations of all hormones were partially or completely restored after weight restoration by short-term refeeding (acAN_T2) and in 35 females after long-term ( >6 months) recovery from AN not receiving OCPs (recAN_OCP-). Low activin A and high GDF-15 concentrations, as in acAN_T1, were also observed in 45 healthy control females under OCP (HC_OCP+) compared to HC_OCP-. Follistatin levels were ~3-fold higher in HC_OCP+ and recAN_OCP+ (45 female recAN under OCP) compared to HC_OCP- or recAN_OCP- respectively. LH, FSH and estradiol concentrations were positively associated with activin A and negatively with GDF-15 and follistatin. In conclusion, we report profound alterations in GDF-15, activin A and follistatin concentrations in acAN, which are associated with the concentrations of reproductive hormones and they are regulated by OCP and weight recovery by refeeding. Our findings support the evaluation of strategies targeting these hormones (e.g. GDF-15 inhibition) in AN to potentially increase body weight and thereby facilitate the resumption of reproductive function.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Eating-disorder; Leptin; Women; Outcomes
Language
english
Publication Year
2025
HGF-reported in Year
2025
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1359-4184
e-ISSN
1476-5578
Journal
Molecular Psychiatry
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Publishing Place
Campus, 4 Crinan St, London, N1 9xw, England
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Pancreatic Islet Research (IPI)
POF-Topic(s)
90000 - German Center for Diabetes Research
Research field(s)
Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s)
G-502600-012
G-502600-007
G-502600-007
Grants
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
WOS ID
001575201600001
Scopus ID
105016534925
PubMed ID
40968258
Erfassungsdatum
2025-10-21