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de Vries, M.C. ; Schöler, A. ; Ertl, J. ; Xu, Z.* ; Schloter, M.

Metagenomic analyses reveal no differences in genes involved in cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments.

FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 91:fiv069 (2015)

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Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil and heavily relies on the activity of cellulose degrading microorganisms. Here we address the question how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as microbial biomass. Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3, 5, 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. These were annotated mainly to the phyla of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. Overall this study reveals stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments.

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