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Gender in cardiovascular diseases: Impact on clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes.
Eur. Heart J. 37, 24-34 (2016)
In the vast majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are well-described differences between women and men in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, effects of therapy, and outcomes.1–3 These differences arise on one hand from biological differences among women and men, which are called sex differences. They are due to differences in gene expression from the sex chromosomes and subsequent differences in sexual hormones leading to differences in gene expression and function in the CV system, e.g. in vascular function and NO signalling, in myocardial remodelling under stress, or metabolism of drugs by sex-specific cytochrome expression. Sex differences are frequently reproducible in animal models. In contrast, gender differences are unique to the human. They arise from sociocultural processes, such as different behaviours of women and men; exposure to specific influences of the environment; different forms of nutrition, lifestyle, or stress; or attitudes towards treatments and prevention. These are equally important for CVDs. Both sex and gender (S&G) influence human development (Figure 1). Since it is almost impossible to distinguish properly between effects of S&G in the medical field, the EUGenMed writing group decided to discuss both of them together and to use the term S&G for all medical relevant differences between women and men in the present review.
Impact Factor
Scopus SNIP
Web of Science
Times Cited
Times Cited
Scopus
Cited By
Cited By
Altmetric
15.064
4.913
295
364
Anmerkungen
Besondere Publikation
Auf Hompepage verbergern
Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Review
Schlagwörter
Coronary-artery-disease; Cardiac-resynchronization Therapy; Elevation Myocardial-infarction; Aortic-valve Implantation; Ischemic-heart-disease; Sex-related Differences; Left-ventricular Structure; Fractional Flow Reserve; Adverse Drug-reactions; Preserved Ejection Fraction
Sprache
englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr
2016
Prepublished im Jahr
2015
HGF-Berichtsjahr
2015
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0195-668X
e-ISSN
1522-9645
Zeitschrift
European Heart Journal
Quellenangaben
Band: 37,
Heft: 1,
Seiten: 24-34
Verlag
Oxford University Press
Verlagsort
Oxford
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
POF Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
Forschungsfeld(er)
Genetics and Epidemiology
PSP-Element(e)
G-504000-003
WOS ID
WOS:000370974000004
PubMed ID
26530104
Erfassungsdatum
2015-11-06