Influence of loss function and electron dose on ptychography of 2D materials using the Wirtinger flow.
Micron 185:103688 (2024)
Iterative phase retrieval is based on minimising a loss function as a measure of the consistency of an initial guess and underlying experimental data. Under ideal experimental conditions, real data contains Poissonian noise due to counting statistics. In this work, we use the Wirtinger Flow concept in combination with four common loss functions, being the L1 loss, the mean-squared error (MSE), the amplitude loss and the Poisson loss. Since only the latter reflects the counting statistics as an asymmetric Poisson distribution correctly, our simulation study focuses on two main cases. Firstly, high-dose momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of an MoS2 monolayer is considered for phase retrieval. In this case, it is found that the four losses perform differently with respect to chemical sensitivity and frequency transfer, which we interprete in terms of the substantially different signal level in the bright and dark field part of diffraction patterns. Remedies are discussed using further simulations, addressing the use of virtual ring detectors for the dark field, or restricting loss calculation to the bright field. Secondly, a dose series is presented down to 100 electrons per diffraction pattern. It is found that all losses yield qualitatively reasonable structural data in the phase, whereas only MSE and Poisson loss range at the correct amplitude level. Chemical contrast is, in general, reliably obtained using the Poisson concept, which also provides the most continuous spatial frequency transfer as to the reconstructed object transmission function.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Typ der Hochschulschrift
Herausgeber
Schlagwörter
4d-stem ; Low-dose Tem ; Phase Retrieval ; Transmission Electron Microscopy; Phase-retrieval; Microscopy; Noise; Reconstruction; Optimization
Keywords plus
Sprache
englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr
2024
Prepublished im Jahr
0
HGF-Berichtsjahr
2024
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0968-4328
e-ISSN
1878-4291
ISBN
Bandtitel
Konferenztitel
Konferzenzdatum
Konferenzort
Konferenzband
Quellenangaben
Band: 185,
Heft: ,
Seiten: ,
Artikelnummer: 103688
Supplement: ,
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Verlag
Elsevier
Verlagsort
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford Ox5 1gb, England
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0000-00-00
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Gutachter
Prüfer
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Veröffentlichungsdatum
0000-00-00
Anmeldedatum
0000-00-00
Anmelder/Inhaber
weitere Inhaber
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Priorität
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
POF Topic(s)
30205 - Bioengineering and Digital Health
Forschungsfeld(er)
Enabling and Novel Technologies
PSP-Element(e)
G-505500-001
Förderungen
Helmholtz Association (Germany)
European Research Council within the Horizon Europe Innovation Funding Programme
Copyright
Erfassungsdatum
2024-07-25