Hovanec, J.* ; Kendzia, B.* ; Olsson, A.* ; Schüz, J.* ; Kromhout, H.* ; Vermeulen, R.C.H.* ; Peters, S.* ; Gustavsson, P.* ; Migliore, E.* ; Radoi, L.* ; Barul, C.* ; Consonni, D.* ; Caporaso, N.E.* ; Landi, M.T.* ; Field, J.K.* ; Karrasch, S. ; Wichmann, H.-E. ; Siemiatycki, J.* ; Parent, M.E.* ; Richiardi, L.* ; Simonato, L.* ; Jöckel, K.H.* ; Ahrens, W.* ; Pohlabeln, H.* ; Fernández-Tardón, G.* ; Zaridze, D.* ; McLaughlin, J.R.* ; Demers, P.A.* ; Świątkowska, B.* ; Lissowska, J.* ; Pándics, T.* ; Fabianova, E.* ; Mates, D.* ; Schejbalova, M.* ; Foretova, L.* ; Janout, V.* ; Boffetta, P.* ; Forastiere, F.* ; Straif, K.* ; Brüning, T.* ; Behrens, T.*
     
 
    
        
Socioeconomic status, smoking, and lung cancer: Mediation and bias analysis in the SYNERGY study.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Epidemiology 36, 245-252 (2024)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				BACKGROUND: Increased lung-cancer risks for low socioeconomic status (SES) groups are only partially attributable to smoking habits. Little effort has been made to investigate the persistent risks related to low SES by quantification of potential biases. METHODS: Based on 12 case-control studies, including 18 centers of the international SYNERGY project (16,550 cases, 20,147 controls), we estimated controlled direct effects (CDE) of SES on lung cancer via multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, study center, and smoking habits, and stratified by sex. We conducted mediation analysis by inverse odds ratio weighting to estimate natural direct effects (NDE) and natural indirect effects via smoking habits. We considered misclassification of smoking status, selection bias, and unmeasured mediator-outcome confounding by genetic risk, both separately as well as by multiple quantitative bias analysis, using bootstrap to create 95% simulation intervals (SI). RESULTS: Mediation analysis of lung-cancer risks for SES estimated mean proportions of 43% in men and 33% in women attributable to smoking. Bias analyses decreased direct effects of SES on lung cancer, with selection bias showing the strongest reduction in lung-cancer risk in the multiple bias analysis. Lung-cancer risks remained increased for lower SES groups, with higher risks in men [4th versus 1st (highest) SES quartile: CDE 1.50 (SI 1.32-1.69)] than women [CDE 1.20 (SI 1.01-1.45)]. NDE were similar to CDE, particularly in men. CONCLUSIONS: Bias adjustment lowered direct lung-cancer risk estimates of lower SES groups. However, risks for low SES remained elevated, likely attributable to occupational hazards or other environmental exposures.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
    
        Typ der Hochschulschrift
        
    
 
    
        Herausgeber
        
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        Confounding ; Mediator ; Misclassification ; Selection Bias ; Ses; Self-reported Smoking; Exposure; Epidemiology; Variants; Validity; Behavior; Cohorts; Cyp2a6
    
 
    
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        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2024
    
 
    
        Prepublished im Jahr 
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2024
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1044-3983
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1531-5487
    
 
    
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	    Band: 36,  
	    Heft: 2,  
	    Seiten: 245-252 
	    Artikelnummer: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
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            Verlag
            Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Two Commerce Sq, 2001 Market St, Philadelphia, Pa 19103 Usa
        
 
	
        
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        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-504000-009
    
 
    
        Förderungen
        German Social Accident Insurance
EC's INCO-COPERNICUS Program
Polish State Committee for Science Research
Roy Castle Foundation
NIH/NCI/DCEG Intramural Research Program
Lombardy Region
Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Guzzo-SRC Chair in Environment and Cancer
Fondation de France
German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology
INAIL
Swedish EPA
Swedish Council for Work Life Research
University of Oviedo
Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic-MH CZ-DRO (MMCI)
CIBERESP
Compagnia di San Paolo
European Union Nuclear Fission Safety Program
Europe Against Cancer Program
Italian Association for Cancer Research
Region Piedmont
    
 
    
        Copyright
        
    
 	
    
    
    
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2024-11-07