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Zimmermann, E. ; Das, A. ; Huber, A. ; Gawlitta, N. ; Kuhn, E. ; Schlager, C.* ; Gutmann, B.* ; Krebs, T.* ; Schnelle-Kreis, J. ; Delaval, M.N. ; Zimmermann, R.

Toxicological effects of long-term continuous exposure to ambient air on human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells exposed at the air-liquid interface.

Environ. Res. 269:120759 (2025)
Verlagsversion Forschungsdaten DOI PMC
Open Access Hybrid
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Air pollution significantly contributes to the global burden of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. While single source/compound studies dominate current research, long-term, multi-pollutant studies are crucial to understanding the health impacts of environmental aerosols. Our study aimed to use the first air-liquid interface (ALI) aerosol exposure system adapted for long-term in vitro exposures for ambient air in vitro exposure. The automated exposure system was adapted to enable long-term cell exposure. ALI human bronchial epithelial cells (Calu-3) were continuously exposed for 72 h to the ambient air from a European urban area (3 independent exposures). Experimental evaluation included comprehensive toxicological assessments coupled to physical- and chemical-characterization of the aerosol. Exposure to ambient air resulted in increased significant cytotoxicity and a non-significant decrease in cell viability. Differential gene expressions were indicated for genes related to inflammation (IL1B, IL6) and to xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1) with possible correlations to the PM2.5 content. Common air pollutants were identified such as the carcinogenic benz[a]pyrene (≤ 3.4 ng m-3 / 24h) and PM2.5 (≤ 11.6 μg m-3 / 24h) with a maximum particle number mean of 4.4 × 10-3 m3/ 24h. For the first time, ALI human lung epithelial cells were exposed for 72 h to continuous airflow of ambient air. Despite direct exposure to ambient aerosols, only small decreased in cell viability and gene expression changes was observed. We propose this experimental set-up combining comprehensive aerosol characterization and long-term continuous ALI cell exposure for the identification of hazardous compounds or compound mixtures in ambient air.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter Aerosol Continuous Exposure ; Air-liquid Interface Lung Cell Model ; Ambient Air Toxicity ; Automated Exposure System ; Physicochemical Aerosol Characterization ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic-hydrocarbons; Black Carbon; Pollution; Cytotoxicity; Toxicity; Pm2.5; Time; Nanoparticles; Aethalometer; Children
Sprache englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr 2025
HGF-Berichtsjahr 2025
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0013-9351
e-ISSN 1096-0953
Zeitschrift Environmental Research
Quellenangaben Band: 269, Heft: , Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 120759 Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort San Diego, Calif.
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA)
POF Topic(s) 30202 - Environmental Health
Forschungsfeld(er) Environmental Sciences
PSP-Element(e) G-504500-001
Förderungen Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) Zentrales Innovationsprogramm Mittelstand (ZIM)
Helmholtz International Laboratory aeroHEALTH
Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health-Aerosols and Health (HICE)
Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection
DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2025.120759
WOS ID 001402854300001
Scopus ID 85215106574
PubMed ID 39755196
Erfassungsdatum 2025-03-19
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