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Sokolowska, M.* ; Lukasik, Z.* ; Agache, I.* ; Akdis, C.A.* ; Akdis, D.* ; Akdis, M.* ; Barcik, W.* ; Brough, H.A.* ; Eiwegger, T.* ; Eliaszewicz, A.* ; Eyerich, S. ; Feleszko, W.* ; Gomez Casado, C.* ; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K.* ; Janda, J.* ; Jiménez-Saiz, R.* ; Jutel, M.* ; Knol, E.* ; Kortekaas Krohn, I.* ; Kothari, A.* ; Makowska, J.* ; Moniuszko, M.* ; Morita, H.* ; O'Mahony, L.* ; Nadeau, K.* ; Ozdemir, C.* ; Pali-Scholl, I.* ; Palomares, O.* ; Papaleo, F.* ; Prunicki, M.* ; Schmidt-Weber, C.B. ; Sediva, A.* ; Schwarze, J.* ; Shamji, M.H.* ; Tramper-Stranders, G.A.* ; van de Veen, W.* ; Untersmayr, E.*

Immunology of COVID-19: Mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics, and perspectives-A report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).

Allergy 75, 2445-2476 (2020)
Publ. Version/Full Text Research data DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
With the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular, and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender, and age in development of COVID-19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID-19 studies.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Keywords Covid‐ ; 19 Comorbidity ; Covid‐ ; 19 Immunity ; Covid‐ ; 19 Multimorbidity ; Covid‐ ; 19 Prevention ; Covid‐ ; 19 Treatment ; Sars ; Sars‐ ; Cov‐ ; 2 Receptors; Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Cd8 T-cells; Sars-coronavirus; Bcg Vaccination; Responses; Infection; Pneumonia; Pathogenesis; Interferon; Expression
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0105-4538
e-ISSN 1398-9995
Journal Allergy
Quellenangaben Volume: 75, Issue: 10, Pages: 2445-2476 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Wiley
Publishing Place 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)