Cai, N. ; Choi, K.W.* ; Fried, E.I.*
     
 
    
        
Reviewing the genetics of heterogeneity in depression: Operationalizations, manifestations, and etiologies.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Hum. Mol. Genet. 29, R10-R18 (2020)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				With progress in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression, from identifying zero hits in ~ 16 000 individuals in 2013 to 223 hits in more than a million individuals in 2020, understanding the genetic architecture of this debilitating condition no longer appears to be an impossible task. The pressing question now is whether recently discovered variants describe the etiology of a single disease entity. There are a myriad of ways to measure and operationalize depression severity, and major depressive disorder (MDD) as defined in the DSM-5 can manifest in more than ten thousand ways based on symptom profiles alone. Variations in developmental timing, comorbidity, and environmental contexts across individuals and samples further add to the heterogeneity. With big data increasingly enabling genomic discovery in psychiatry, it is more timely than ever to explicitly disentangle genetic contributions to what is likely 'depressions' rather than depression. Here, we introduce three sources of heterogeneity: operationalization, manifestation, and etiology. We review recent efforts to identify depression subtypes using clinical and data-driven approaches, examine differences in genetic architecture of depression across contexts, and argue that heterogeneity in operationalizations of depression is likely a considerable source of inconsistency. Finally, we offer recommendations and considerations for the field going forward.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Review
    
 
    
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        Herausgeber
        
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        Genome-wide Association; Polygenic Risk Scores; Major Depression; Disorder; Heritability; Metaanalysis; Subtypes; Scales; Twin; Classification
    
 
    
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        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2020
    
 
    
        Prepublished im Jahr 
        
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2020
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0964-6906
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1460-2083
    
 
    
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	    Band: 29,  
	    Heft: R1,  
	    Seiten: R10-R18 
	    Artikelnummer: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
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            Verlag
            Oxford University Press
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Great Clarendon St, Oxford Ox2 6dp, England
        
 
	
        
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        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
30205 - Bioengineering and Digital Health
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Pioneer Campus
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-510007-001
G-510000-001
    
 
    
        Förderungen
        National Institute of Mental Health
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2020-07-16