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Bercea, C.-I. ; Wiestler, B.* ; Rueckert, D.* ; Schnabel, J.A.

Evaluating normative representation learning in generative AI for robust anomaly detection in brain imaging.

Nat. Commun. 16:1624 (2025)
Verlagsversion Forschungsdaten DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Normative representation learning focuses on understanding the typical anatomical distributions from large datasets of medical scans from healthy individuals. Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) leverages this attribute to synthesize images that accurately reflect these normative patterns. This capability enables the AI allowing them to effectively detect and correct anomalies in new, unseen pathological data without the need for expert labeling. Traditional anomaly detection methods often evaluate the anomaly detection performance, overlooking the crucial role of normative learning. In our analysis, we introduce novel metrics, specifically designed to evaluate this facet in AI models. We apply these metrics across various generative AI frameworks, including advanced diffusion models, and rigorously test them against complex and diverse brain pathologies. In addition, we conduct a large multi-reader study to compare these metrics to experts' evaluations. Our analysis demonstrates that models proficient in normative learning exhibit exceptional versatility, adeptly detecting a wide range of unseen medical conditions. Our code is available at https://github.com/compai-lab/2024-ncomms-bercea.git .
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Sprache englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr 2025
HGF-Berichtsjahr 2025
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2041-1723
e-ISSN 2041-1723
Zeitschrift Nature Communications
Quellenangaben Band: 16, Heft: 1, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 1624 Supplement: ,
Verlag Nature Publishing Group
Verlagsort London
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute for Machine Learning in Biomed Imaging (IML)
POF Topic(s) 30205 - Bioengineering and Digital Health
Forschungsfeld(er) Enabling and Novel Technologies
PSP-Element(e) G-507100-001
Förderungen Berdelle-Stiftung
Helmholtz Association under the joint research school 'Munich School for Data Science'
Free State of Bavaria
C.I.B. is funded via the EVUK program ("Next-generation Al for Integrated Diagnostics") of the Free State of Bavaria
Scopus ID 85218448325
PubMed ID 39948337
Erfassungsdatum 2025-04-11